CDP - 1 Previous Year Question Papers (English)
2011
PSTET CDP paper
1. A
development perspective involves concern with changes occurring over time in:
(a) form
(b) rate
(c) sequence
(d) all of these
Answer: (d) all of these
Explanation: A developmental perspective examines changes in form (structure),
rate (speed of change), and sequence (order of milestones), making all three essentials.
2.
The thinking process involved in producing an idea or concept that is new,
original and useful is termed as:
(a) creativity
(b) innovation
(c) intelligence
(d) synectics
Answer: (a) creativity
Explanation: Creativity refers to generating novel and valuable ideas,
while innovation is implementation and intelligence is general problem-solving
ability.
3.
The transmission of traits from parents to off-springs is called:
(a) environment
(b) genes
(c) heredity
(d) homeostasis
Answer: (c) heredity
Explanation: Heredity is the biological process of passing genetic
characteristics from parents to offspring, determined by genes but distinct as
a concept.
4.
Which of the following theories identifies four stages of child’s intellectual
development (sensory motor, pre-operational, concrete operational & formal
operational)?
(a) Erickson’s theory of Psycho-social development
(b) Freud's theory
of Psycho-sexual development
(c) Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
(d) Kohlberg's
theory of moral development
Answer: (c) Jean Piaget’s
theory of cognitive development
Explanation: Piaget proposed these four invariant stages of cognitive
development from infancy through adolescence, focusing on how thinking changes
with age.
5.
Which of the following is NOT the benefit of integrating student-centred
learning into the curriculum?
(a) strengthens students motivation (
b) promotes peer communication
(c) builds
student-teacher relationships
(d) hinders discovery/active learning
Answer: (d) hinders
discovery/active learning
Explanation: Student-centred learning actively promotes discovery and
active learning; hindering them is the opposite of its intended benefit.
6.
Which one of theories of intelligence advocates the presence of general
intelligence ‘g’ and specific intelligence ‘s’?
(a) Anarchic theory
(b) Guilford’s theory of intellect
(c) Spearman's two factor theory
(d) Vernon’s hierarchical theory
Answer: (c) Spearman's two
factor theory
Explanation: Spearman proposed that intelligence consists of a general
factor (g) common to all tasks and specific factors (s) unique to particular
abilities.
7.
Images, concepts, symbols & signs, language, muscle activities and brain
functions are involved in:
(a) adaptation
(b) motor development
(c) problem solving
(d) thinking
process
Answer: (d) thinking process
Explanation: Thinking involves mental representations (images, concepts,
symbols), language, and neural/muscular activity, all of which are listed.
8.
Which of the following is NOT an element of learning event?
(a) learner
(b) internal conditions
(c) stimulus
(d) teacher
Answer: (d) teacher
Explanation: Learning can occur without a teacher (e.g.,
self-discovery); essential elements are the learner, internal cognitive
conditions, and a stimulus.
9.
Which one of the following theories view that behavior could be shaped through
successive approximation and reinforcement of responses more nearly approaching
desired behaviour?
(a) classical conditioning
(b) instrumental conditioning
(c) operant conditioning
(d) social learning
Answer: (c) operant
conditioning
Explanation: B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning uses shaping
(successive approximation) and reinforcement to gradually build new behaviors.
10.
A process by which a parent assumes that his child’s traits are all positive
because one trait is positive is termed as:
(a) halo effect
(b) hawthorne effect
(c) law of effect
(d) reverse halo
effect
Answer: (a) halo effect
Explanation: The halo effect is a cognitive bias where a single positive
characteristic leads to overall positive judgment of a person.
11.
Ramesh and Ankit have the same IQ of 120. Ramesh is two years younger than
Ankit. If Ankit is 12 years old, the mental age of Ramesh is:
(a) 9 years
(b) 10 years
(c) 12 years
(d) 14 years
Answer: (c) 12 years
Explanation: IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) × 100. Ankit: 120 =
(MA/12)×100 → MA = 14.4. Ramesh is 10 years old, same IQ: 120 = (MA/10)×100 →
MA = 12 years.
12.
Which of the following is NOT an example of discrete variable?
(a) age
(b) gender
(c) marital status
(d) place of
residence
Answer: (a) age
Explanation: Age is a continuous variable (can take fractional values),
while gender, marital status, and residence are categorical/discrete variables.
13.
An appropriate form of assessing student’s performance in practicals is:
(a) interview
(b) observation
(c) questionnaire
(d) written test
Answer: (b) observation
Explanation: Practical skills are best assessed through direct
observation of the student performing the task, not through indirect methods
like written tests.
14.
The type of evaluation which is used to monitor learning progress during
instruction is called as:
(a) diagnostic evaluation
(b) formative evaluation
(c) placement
evaluation
(d) summative evaluation
Answer: (b) formative
evaluation
Explanation: Formative evaluation is ongoing during instruction to
provide feedback and adjust teaching, unlike summative which occurs at the end.
15.
Which one of the following is the better item of essay type of question?
(a) Discuss Newton's law of motion
(b) Explain each of Newton’s three laws of motion
(c) What are Newton’s laws of motion
(d) Write note on Newton's laws of motion
Answer: (b) Explain each of
Newton’s three laws of motion
Explanation: This question is specific, structured, and directs students
to demonstrate understanding of each law, making assessment more reliable.
16.
Special needs education is the type of education:
(a) given to very special people
(b) given to persons with disabilities
(c) provided to
intelligent people
(d) established by colonial masters
Answer: (b) given to persons
with disabilities
Explanation: Special needs education addresses the learning requirements
of children with physical, sensory, intellectual, or learning disabilities.
17.
Which one of the following cues does NOT indicate visual problems in the
children?
(a) difficulty in following direction
(b) frowning
(c) stumbling
(d) unable to estimate distance
Answer: (c) stumbling
Explanation: Stumbling typically indicates motor coordination or balance
issues, not visual problems; the others are common signs of visual impairment.
18.
Children with speech impairment can be assisted by:
(a) encouraging them to express thoughts in the classroom
(b) helping him/her to pronounce correct sounds
(c) helping him/her to hear his/her spoken errors
(d) referral to specialist for complete evaluation
Answer: (d) referral to
specialist for complete evaluation
Explanation: While classroom strategies help, a speech-language
pathologist provides comprehensive diagnosis and therapy, making referral the
most appropriate first step.
19.
The gifted child:
(a) learns rapidly and easily
(b) retains what
he/she has heard or read without much rote drill
(c) reasons things
out
(d) all the above
Answer: (d) all the above
Explanation: Gifted children typically show rapid learning, excellent
retention without repetition, and strong reasoning abilities across domains.
20.
Slow learners whose educational attainment falls below their natural abilities
are labeled as:
(a) backward
(b) gifted
(c) juvenile delinquent
(d) mentally retarded
Answer: (a) backward
Explanation: “Backward” refers to children with academic achievement
significantly below their intellectual potential, unl
ike mental retardation which involves below-average ability.
21.
While delivering an effective lecture in classroom, a teacher:
(a) establishes an eye contact
(b) employs meaningful gestures
(c) stands
stationary at lecture stand
(d) varies pitch and tone
Answer: (c) stands stationary
at lecture stand
Explanation: Effective lecturing involves movement, eye contact,
gestures, and vocal variety; standing stationary is a poor practice, not a
desirable action.
22.
An example of media that transports learners to remote places by means of
visualized reports is:
(a) educational television
(b) educational
broadcasts
(c) overhead
projector
(d) telephone
Answer: (a) educational
television
Explanation: Educational television provides visual reports and footage
from distant locations, creating a sense of “teleportation” for learners.
23.
Communication with students means:
(a) asking them to do a task
(b) exchange of ideas
(c) giving them
directions
(d) informing them
of your ideas
Answer: (b) exchange of ideas
Explanation: True communication is a two-way process involving mutual
sharing and exchange of ideas, not one-way transmission of instructions.
24.
The first stage in the learning of a skill is:
(a) precision
(b) manipulation
(c) coordination
(d) imitation
Answer: (d) imitation
Explanation: According to skill acquisition models (e.g., Simpson’s),
the initial stage is imitation, where the learner copies a demonstrated model.
25.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a concrete concept?
(a) ability
(b) chair
(c) force
(d) motion
Answer: (a) ability
Explanation: Concrete concepts refer to tangible, observable objects
(chair) or physical phenomena (force, motion can be demonstrated), while
“ability” is abstract.
26.
The reading technique that would be employed to locate terms and references in
an index or thesaurus is:
(a) key-reading
(b) re-reading
(c) scanning
(d) skimming
Answer: (c) scanning
Explanation: Scanning is used to quickly locate specific information like a
word in an index; skimming is for getting the general idea.
27.
Motivation begins with needs exists in all of us. The need that the student
would tend to fulfill first pertains to:
(a) esteem
(b) physiological
(c) social
(d) self actualization
Answer: (b) physiological
Explanation: Maslow’s hierarchy states that basic physiological needs
(hunger, thirst, sleep) must be satisfied before any higher-level needs.
28.
For introducing a topic in classroom, what activity should a teacher do first?
(a) explain the rationale
(b) inform the objectives
(c) tell topic
orally
(d) write topic on chalkboard
Answer: (a) explain the
rationale
Explanation: Providing a meaningful rationale (why the topic matters)
first engages students’ interest and creates readiness for learning objectives.
29.
Which one of the following is an example of reinforcement?
(a) No Lata, the answer is not 45
(b) Kamla, can't you help Keerti with her answer
(c) Oh no, as
usual, you are wrong
(d) Suniti, you have said rightly
Answer: (d) Suniti, you have
said rightly
Explanation: Positive reinforcement involves providing praise or
affirmation after a correct response, increasing the likelihood the behavior
will recur.
30.
Self study habit can be developed in children by:
(a) citing examples of great people
(b) giving lecture
on self study
(c) giving your own example
(d) making new
literature available
Answer: (d) making new
literature available
Explanation: Providing easy access to interesting and age-appropriate
reading materials encourages children to explore and learn independently.
2012
PSTET CDP paper.
1.
Linguistic relativity hypothesis was given by
(a) Chomsky
(b) Benjamin Lee Whorf
(c) Freud
(d) Skinner
Answer: (b) Benjamin Lee
Whorf
Explanation: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that language shapes
thought and perception, associated with Benjamin Lee Whorf.
2.
Which of the following statements is not correct about growth and development?
(a) Growth is quantitative and development is qualitative.
(b) Growth involves changes in structure and not function.
(c) Physical growth slows down after adolescent stage.
(d) Development is not a continuous process.
Answer: (d) Development is
not a continuous process
Explanation: Development is actually a continuous process from
conception to death; it does not stop, so this statement is incorrect.
3.
Maturations theory was propounded by
(a) Gessell
(b) Freud
(c) James
(d) Bandura
Answer: (a) Gessell
Explanation: Arnold Gesell's maturation theory emphasizes that
development is primarily determined by biological growth and genetic factors.
4.
The theoretical base for programmed learning is rooted best in the
(a) Classical Conditioning Theory
(b) Human Information Processing Theory
(c) Operant
Conditioning Theory
(d) Social Cognitive Theories
Answer: (c) Operant
Conditioning Theory
Explanation: Programmed learning uses reinforcement and step-by-step
shaping, based on B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning.
5.
‘Anorexia nervosa’ is an eating disorder caused by
(a) high food intake in children
(b) very limited
food intake in children
(c) irregular food
intake in children
(d) high tension and anxiety in children
Answer: (b) very limited food
intake in children
Explanation: Anorexia nervosa involves self-starvation and excessive
weight loss due to an intense fear of gaining weight.
6.
As per the information processing theories, visuo-spatial sketchpad is a part
of
(a) working memory
(b) long term memory
(c) information
storage
(d) retrieval of information
Answer: (a) working memory
Explanation: In Baddeley's model of working memory, the visuo-spatial
sketchpad handles visual and spatial information temporarily.
7.
Which of the following statements about adolescents is true?
(a) Girls typically start their pubertal growth spurt more than a year
before boys
(b) Although the age at which individual children begin to mature varies, the
time required for pubertal changes is quite uniform.
(c) During adolescence, one begins feeling the need for both intimacy and
sexual gratification.
(d) All of the above are true.
Answer: (d) All of the above
are true
Explanation: All three statements accurately describe adolescent development:
girls' earlier growth spurt, uniform timing of pubertal changes, and emerging
intimacy/sexual needs.
8.
‘Scaffolding’ in the context of learning theories refers to
(a) Simulation teaching
(b) Recapitulation
of previous learning
(c) Giving support
in learning by adults
(d) Ascertaining the causes of mistakes done by students
Answer: (c) Giving support in
learning by adults
Explanation: Scaffolding, from Vygotsky, is temporary support provided
by a more knowledgeable person to help a learner achieve a task within their
ZPD.
9.
Which one of the following is the central idea of Gilligan’s critique of
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
(a) Class bias
(b) Cultural bias
(c) Gender bias
(d) Racial bias
Answer: (c) Gender bias
Explanation: Carol Gilligan argued Kohlberg's theory was male-centric,
focusing on justice, while women emphasize care and relationships.
10.
Which one of the following assesses structure of intelligence and its
underlying dimensions?
(a) Psychometric approaches
(b) Structural
approaches
(c) Psycho-analytical approaches
(d) Information processing approach
Answer: (a) Psychometric
approaches
Explanation: Psychometric intelligence tests (e.g., factor analysis)
identify the structure and dimensions of intelligence, like Spearman's g
factor.
11.
Which of the following is NOT a function of Continuous and Comprehensive
Evaluation?
(a) Help in regular assignment to the extent and degree of learner's
progress.
(b) Identification of areas of aptitudes and interests.
(c) Bring innovation in the field of education.
(d) Helping teachers to organize effective teaching strategies.
Answer: (c) Bring innovation
in the field of education
Explanation: CCE focuses on assessment and improvement of learning, not
directly on bringing innovation in education as a primary function.
12.
The manifestation of symptoms such as Severe Impairment in social interaction
and in communication can be diagnosed as symptoms of
(a) Autism
(b) Amnesia
(c) Cerebral Palsy
(d) Rett’s
syndrome
Answer: (a) Autism
Explanation: Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by persistent
deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts.
13.
While discussing about Indian politics, the teacher with a view to help
students to understand the concepts uses such words as political will, social
equality, and political assumptions. According to Vygotsky’s theory this is an
example of
(a) Scaffolding
(b) Guided
participation
(c) Apprenticeship
(d) Peer interaction
Answer: (a) Scaffolding
Explanation: The teacher provides linguistic and conceptual support to
help students understand complex ideas, which is a form of scaffolding.
14.
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, equilibration is
(a) fitting new information into existing schemes
(b) altering existing schemes or creating new ones in response to new
information
(c) recognizing new information as a disguised version of old information
(d) search for mental balance between cognitive schemes and information from
the environment
Answer: (d) search for mental
balance between cognitive schemes and information from the environment
Explanation: Equilibration is the drive to maintain balance between
assimilation and accommodation, resolving cognitive conflict.
15.
Unneeded letters, the omission of needed letters, reversal of vowels, reversal
of syllables are commonly associated with which of the following learning
disability?
(a) Dyslexia
(b) Dyscalculia
(c) Dysgraphia
(d) Dysphasia
Answer: (a) Dyslexia
Explanation: These are classic symptoms of dyslexia, a reading disorder
involving difficulties with accurate word recognition and spelling.
16.
Which statement is true about inclusive education?
(a) Children should not be given right to education
(b) All children should receive equal opportunity and right to participate in
school.
(c) Girls are not a part of inclusive education.
(d) Separate special education classes should be conducted in the school.
Answer: (b) All children
should receive equal opportunity and right to participate in school
Explanation: Inclusive education means all learners, regardless of differences,
have equal access and participation in regular schools.
17.
Learning disabled children are
(a) deficient in using potentials
(b) low in
intelligence
(c) slow in activity
(d) none of these
Answer: (d) none of these
Explanation: Learning disabled children have average or above-average
intelligence but face specific processing difficulties; they are not deficient
in potential.
18.
Which of the following is not the aim of IEDC?
(a) Removing the mainstream schools.
(b) Providing educational opportunity to differently abled students in the
school.
(c) Facilitate retention of differently abled in the school system.
(d) Integrate children from special schools with common schools.
Answer: (a) Removing the
mainstream schools
Explanation: IEDC (Integrated Education for Disabled Children) aims to
integrate, not remove mainstream schools; it supports inclusion.
19.
Who critiqued Piaget’s theory by saying that ‘If a child will not learn before
he is capable to learn, then why bother; and if a child will learn
automatically after he has the capability to learn, then why bother?’
(a) Bruner
(b) Gardner
(c) Sternberg
(d) Maslow
Answer: (a) Bruner
Explanation: Jerome Bruner argued that Piaget underestimated the role of
teaching and that readiness is not fixed; learning can accelerate development.
20.
According to A. Bandura, the following is a pre-condition for observational
learning
(a) The behaviour observed should be socially acceptable
(b) The model must be physically present in front of the child
(c) The child must fully understand the consequences of imitating the model
(d) The child must have the motor capacity and the strength to perform the
actions observed
Answer: (d) The child must
have the motor capacity and the strength to perform the actions observed
Explanation: Bandura's social learning theory includes motor
reproduction as a necessary condition; the learner must be capable of
performing the behavior.
21.
According to Piaget which of the following is NOT one of the four stages of
moral development?
(a) Anomy
(b)
Heteronomy-Reciprocity
(c) Autonomy-Adolescence
(d) Sensory-Motor
Answer: (d) Sensory-Motor
Explanation: Sensory-motor is Piaget's stage of cognitive development, not
moral development. Piaget's moral stages are anomy, heteronomy, and autonomy.
22.
According to the theory of multiple intelligence, understanding of one’s own
feelings, motives and desires is called
(a) Interpersonal intelligence
(b) Intra-personal intelligence
(c) Naturalist intelligence
(d) Spatial intelligence
Answer: (b) Intra-personal
intelligence
Explanation: Intrapersonal intelligence involves self-awareness, understanding
one's own emotions, goals, and motivations.
23.
Which of the following statements is true about ‘learning’:
(a) Learning is fundamentally a mental activity
(b) Errors made by children indicate that no learning has taken place
(c) Learning is effective in an environment that is emotionally positive and
satisfying for the learners.
(d) Learning is not affected by emotional factors at any stage of learning.
Answer: (c) Learning is
effective in an environment that is emotionally positive and satisfying for the
learners
Explanation: Positive emotional climate enhances motivation and
retention; this is a well-established principle of learning.
24.
The behaviour showing intrapersonal intelligence is
(a) detecting another's underlying intentions and desires
(b) reading another’s mood
(c) discrimination among such similar emotions as sadness and regret
(d) using knowledge of others to influence their thoughts and behaviour
Answer: (c) discrimination
among such similar emotions as sadness and regret
Explanation: Intrapersonal intelligence involves fine-grained
self-knowledge, including distinguishing one's own subtle emotional states.
25.
Which theory of child development is supported by the frequent finding that
adults who abuse their children typically come from families in which they
themselves were abused?
(a) Freudian psychoanalytic theory
(b) Information
processing theory
(c) Ecological theory
(d) Social learning theory
Answer: (d) Social learning
theory
Explanation: This finding illustrates modeling and intergenerational
transmission of behavior, central to Bandura's social learning theory.
26.
‘Object permanence’ is the major accomplishment of which stage of Piaget’s
cognitive development?
(a) Sensory motor stage
(b) Pre operational stage
(c) Concrete operation stage
(d) Formal
operation stage
Answer: (a) Sensory motor
stage
Explanation: Object permanence (knowing objects exist even when out of sight)
develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth to ~2 years).
27.
The concept of critical period is derived from
(a) Embryology
(b) Physiology
(c) Genetics
(d) Immunology
Answer: (a) Embryology
Explanation: The critical period concept originated in embryology, referring to
times when specific environmental influences are necessary for normal
development.
28.
Which of these are not the characteristics of gifted children?
(a) Higher order mental processes
(b) High self-efficiency
(c) Lack of
motivation
(d) Solving problems insightfully
Answer: (c) Lack of
motivation
Explanation: Gifted children typically show high intrinsic motivation
and curiosity; lack of motivation is not a characteristic.
29.
Match the following:
(a) Charles Spearman
(b) E.L. Thorndike
(c) Howard Gardner
(d) Jenson
Options: (a) b c d a (b) b c a d (c) b d a (d) d a c b
Answer: (a) b c d a
Explanation: Spearman = Two Factor Theory (b), Thorndike = Multiple Factor
Theory (c), Gardner = Theory of Multiple Intelligence (d), Jenson = Two level
Process Theory (a). Thus A:b, B:c, C:d, D:a.
30.
Which of the following does not agree with Kohlberg’s theory of moral
development?
(a) Moral development proceeds in stages
(b) These stages are distinctive but not sequential
(c) At stage III the child is totally conformist with the social norms.
(d) At the inset stage the child formulates his own moral principles.
Answer: (b) These stages are
distinctive but not sequential
Explanation: Kohlberg's stages are sequential and invariant; they cannot
be skipped, so saying they are not sequential contradicts his theory.
2013 PSTET CDP paper.
1.
Who said that cognition is in the centre of emotions and moves towards it?
(a) Sketcher & Singer
(b) Cannon &
Beard
(c) Enkman
(d) James & Laurge
Answer: (a) Sketcher &
Singer
Explanation: Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion states
that cognition (interpretation of arousal) is central to experiencing emotion.
2.
What among the following alternatives not used to recognise the special needs
children?
(a) social status of parents
(b) anecdote reports
(c) interview of parents
(d) pattern of behaviour
Answer: (a) social status of
parents
Explanation: Social status is a demographic factor, not a direct
assessment tool for identifying children’s special educational needs.
3.
Which among the following is not similar to proofs of intelligence and heredity
effects?
(a) adoption study of other language
(b) similar study
(c) forward study
(d) clinical study
Answer: (c) forward study
Explanation: Adoption studies, twin studies (“similar study”), and
clinical studies are standard methods; “forward study” is not a recognized
research design in this context.
4. A
teacher wants to estimate the creative abilities of her students then she
should make:
(a) an organised work which should be completed in fixed timing
(b) an organised work which should be completed on individual speed
(c) under the planning of evaluation flexibility in various open-ended works
(d) based on accepted results flexibility in various open-ended works
Answer: (c) under the
planning of evaluation flexibility in various open-ended works
Explanation: Creativity assessment requires open-ended, flexible tasks
that allow multiple responses, not rigid timing or pre‑accepted results.
5.
Which among the following is a sign of creative approached method?
(a) Absent of paper, pencil, tests
(b) No evaluation till Senior Secondary Level
(c) Evaluation according to the demand of students
(d) Self Evaluation and Cognition by students
Answer: (d) Self Evaluation
and Cognition by students
Explanation: Creative approaches emphasize student self‑evaluation and
metacognitive awareness, fostering independent thinking.
6.
Which among the following cognition process is totally correct and sure the
ability?
(a) assimilation
(b) to receive again
(c) to provide code
(d) chunking
Answer: (b) to receive again
Explanation: “To receive again” refers to recognition, a retrieval
process that is often more accurate and certain than recall.
7.
Which statement is based on explanation?
(a) Siddharth got maximum number in mathematics
(b) Sumeer did Science practical before his classmates
(c) Vinita’s marks of test was 75% more than her classmates
(d) which sums given to Viva she given 8 right answers out of 10
Answer: (c) Vinita’s marks of
test was 75% more than her classmates
Explanation: This statement provides a comparative explanation
(percentage difference) rather than a mere factual report.
8.
When creative thinking arises critical thinking is
(a) flexible
(b) analytical
(c) misguided
(d) new
Answer: (b) analytical
Explanation: Critical thinking involves logical analysis, evaluation, and
judgment, which complements creative thinking.
9.
Before reaching at any end to identify the different alternatives is the what
type of personality identification.
(a) Identification of Spread
(b) Identification
of Barrier
(c) Identification of Restrictions
(d) Identification
of Achievement
Answer: (a) Identification of
Spread
Explanation: Generating multiple alternatives before concluding is a
divergent thinking process, often called “spread” or breadth of options.
10.
A process by which a parent assumes that his child’s traits are all positive
because one trait is positive is termed as:
(a) halo effect
(b) Hawthorne
effect (
c) law of effect
(d) reverse halo
effect
Answer: (a) halo effect
Explanation: The halo effect is a cognitive bias where a single positive
characteristic leads to an overall positive impression.
11.
Ramesh and Ankit have the same IQ of 120. Ramesh is two years younger than
Ankit. If Ankit is 12 years old, then the mental age of Ramesh is:
(a) 9 years
(b) 10 years
(c) 12 years
(d) 14 years
Answer: (c) 12 years
Explanation: IQ = (MA/CA)×100. Ankit’s CA=12, IQ=120 → MA=14.4. Ramesh’s CA=10,
same IQ → MA = (120×10)/100 = 12 years.
12.
Which of the following is NOT an example of discrete variable?
(a) age
(b) gender
(c) marital status
(d) place of residence
Answer: (a) age
Explanation: Age is a continuous variable (can take fractional values), while
gender, marital status, and residence are categorical/discrete.
13.
An appropriate form of assessing student’s performance in practical’s is:
(a) interview
(b) observation
(c) questionnaire
(d) written test
Answer: (b) observation
Explanation: Direct observation of the student performing a task is the most
valid method for assessing practical skills.
14.
The type of evaluation which is used to monitor learning progress during
instruction is called as:
(a) diagnostic evaluation
(b) formative evaluation
(c) placement
evaluation
(d) summative evaluation
Answer: (b) formative
evaluation
Explanation: Formative evaluation occurs during instruction to provide
ongoing feedback and improve teaching and learning.
15.
Which one of the following is the better item of essay type of question?
(a) Discuss Newton's law of motion
(b) Explain each of Newton’s three laws of motion
(c) What are Newton's laws of motion?
(d) Write note on Newton’s laws of motion
Answer: (b) Explain each of
Newton’s three laws of motion
Explanation: This question is specific, structured, and directs students
to demonstrate understanding of each law, improving reliability.
16.
Special needs education is the type of education:
(a) given to very special people
(b) given to
persons with disabilities
(c) provided to intelligent people
(d) established by
colonial masters
Answer: (b) given to persons
with disabilities
Explanation: Special needs education addresses the learning requirements
of children with physical, sensory, intellectual, or learning disabilities.
17.
Which one of the following cues does NOT indicate visual problems in the
children?
(a) difficulty in following direction
(b) frowning
(c) stumbling
(d) unable to estimate distance
Answer: (c) stumbling
Explanation: Stumbling typically indicates motor coordination or balance
issues, not visual problems; the others are common signs of visual impairment.
18.
What is the adequate definition of language relation pre-estimation?
(a) each thinking is different from language categories
(b) language categories is result of thoughts of individual
(c) each thinking starts from language category
(d) reaching thinking goes to language ability
Answer: (c) each thinking
starts from language category
Explanation: This reflects the linguistic relativity hypothesis (Sapir‑Whorf)
that language shapes and determines thought.
19.
A test is valid:
(a) a teacher did not favour anyone
(b) he measures that which he promises to measure
(c) adequate result on time
(d) no favour in culture
Answer: (b) he measures that
which he promises to measure
Explanation: Validity means the test accurately measures the construct
it claims to measure.
20.
Which is truth among following:
(a) emotions increase our education
(b) emotion takes education in nature
(c) emotions don’t affect the education
(d) emotions increase in our nature of education
Answer: (a) emotions increase
our education
Explanation: Positive emotions enhance motivation, attention, and
retention, thereby facilitating learning.
21.
Gilligan presented the alternative moral development principle of Kohlberg
(a) morality of look after
(b) nutrition
(c) dependence on each other
(d) morality of
love
Answer: (a) morality of look
after
Explanation: Gilligan proposed the “ethics of care” – a morality focused
on caring for and looking after others.
22.
Children have more knowledge of uses of mobiles then their parents so now
parents depend on their children to use the new mobile. Which is situation
being this:
(a) forward socialization
(b) backward
socialization
(c) primary
socialization
(d) known
socialization
Answer: (b) backward
socialization
Explanation: This is reverse socialization where younger generations
teach older ones, also called backward socialization.
23.
Rohit has failed in examination, and he is making excuses. It is example of:
(a) self-actualization
(b) nature to
increase himself
(c) self-control
(d)
self-efficiency
Answer: (b) nature to
increase himself
Explanation: Making excuses is a self‑enhancement strategy to protect
self‑esteem, i.e., the tendency to view oneself positively.
24.
Students of 8th Class organized the United National Assembly programme it is an
example of:
(a) scaffolding
(b) established cognition
(c) training from classmate
(d) learning told by teacher
Answer: (c) training from
classmate
Explanation: Students organizing a programme together reflects peer
learning or cooperative learning, i.e., training from classmates.
25.
Development has four principle which are fixed and true at any stage of
development. Which is not among the following:
(a) happening of estimation is a stone way in development
(b) different stages of development of children
(c) growth and development are equal in every situation
(d) heredity and nature both effects the development
Answer: (c) growth and
development are equal in every situation
Explanation: Growth and development vary among individuals and contexts;
they are not equal for all children.
26.
As a social agent who is taking the role of family?
(a) teacher
(b) peer group
(c) neighbour
(d) society
Answer: (a) teacher
Explanation: The teacher often acts in loco parentis (in place of parents),
taking on a family‑like role in school.
27.
For the preparation of any test the first step is
(a) decision about length of test
(b) identification of aims of education
(c) choose the test material
(d) decision of total marks of test
Answer: (b) identification of
aims of education
Explanation: Test construction begins with defining educational
objectives or aims to ensure content validity.
28.
What is called is on knowledge from the general knowledge of children?
(a) area of estimation of development
(b) sensory motor
nature
(c) free morality
(d) personal
languages
Answer: (a) area of
estimation of development
Explanation: This refers to the zone of proximal development (Vygotsky)
– the gap between actual and potential knowledge.
29.
Which statement is right among the following:
(a) socialization didn’t affect the individual development
(b) there is similarity in civilization despite these there is a lot of
discrimination in society
(c) because of successful society there is similarity in society is result of
good socialization
(d) in India socialization processing of girls and boys are same
Answer: (c) because of
successful society there is similarity in society is result of good
socialization
Explanation: Effective socialization promotes shared norms and values,
leading to social cohesion and similarity.
30.
Which is among the following is called right for the internal motivation?
(a) it decreases the reward
(b) it increases when reward is given
(c) there is no place of rewards
(d) there is place of rewards, but it depends on self-respect that how your
motivation changes
Answer: (d) there is place of
rewards, but it depends on self-respect that how your motivation changes
Explanation: Intrinsic motivation can coexist with rewards if they support
autonomy and competence, preserving self‑respect.
2014
PSTET CDP paper.
1.
……………is the proponent of constructivist framework.
(a) Bandura
(b) Bruner
(c) Piaget
(d) Jung
Answer: (c) Piaget
Explanation: Jean Piaget is widely recognized as the primary proponent
of constructivism, emphasizing that children actively construct knowledge
through interactions with their environment.
2.
While solving a problem if an individual reaches the solution all of a sudden,
we say that he has learnt by
(a) Trial and error
(b) Insight
(c) Imitation
(d) Observation
Answer: (b) Insight
Explanation: Insight learning, described by Kohler, involves sudden realization
of a solution without incremental trial and error.
3.
Which of the following is most highlighted by the National Curriculum Framework
position paper on examination reforms?
(a) Open book exams
(b) Emphasis on
test performance
(c) Flexible
sitting arrangement while testing
(d) Continuous assessment
Answer: (d) Continuous
assessment
Explanation: NCF 2005 strongly advocates Continuous and Comprehensive
Evaluation (CCE) over high-stakes one-time exams.
4.
Which of the following is the correct sequence?
(a) Attention, retention, production and motivation
(b) Motivation, attention, retention and production
(c) Production, motivation, attention and retention
(d) Attention, retention, motivation and production
Answer: (a) Attention,
retention, production and motivation
Explanation: Bandura’s observational learning model follows this order:
attend to the model, retain the information, reproduce the behavior, and have
motivation to perform it.
5.
Which of the following is not involved in the mechanism by which children
develop their knowledge through social dialogue?
(a) Scaffolding
(b) Zone of
proximal development
(c) Social learning
(d)
Internalization
Answer: (c) Social learning
Explanation: “Social learning” is a broad term from Bandura; Vygotsky’s
social dialogue specifically uses scaffolding, ZPD, and internalization.
6.
When a child is not able to conceptualise conservation of mass, which logical
operation is he not able to carry out?
(a) Equilibrium
(b) Adaptation
(c) Reversibility
(d) Inference
Answer: (c) Reversibility
Explanation: Conservation requires understanding that changes can be reversed;
without reversibility, the child cannot conserve mass.
7.
The idea that regards language as a uniquely human accomplishment, etched into
the structure of the brain, can be called as
(a) Behaviourist
(b) Psychoanalytic
(c) Nativist
(d) Constructivist
Answer: (c) Nativist
Explanation: Nativist theory (Chomsky) argues humans are born with an
innate language acquisition device hardwired in the brain.
8.
Which of the following is important for language production in humans?
(a) Right Hemisphere
(b) Parietal Lobe
(c) Wernicke's
Area
(d) Broca’s area
Answer: (d) Broca’s area
Explanation: Broca’s area, located in the left frontal lobe, is crucial
for speech production; Wernicke’s area is for comprehension.
9.
As per Erikson’s theory, in which stage is a child most eager to learn and
master skills valued in his culture?
(a) Initiative versus guilt
(b) Industry versus inferiority
(c) Identity versus role confusion
(d) Autonomy
versus shame and doubt
Answer: (b) Industry versus
inferiority
Explanation: During elementary school years (ages 6–12), children strive
to develop competence and master culturally valued skills.
10.
In inclusive set-up
(a) Each child accommodates himself/herself with the school system
(b) The children with special needs study in separate classes
(c) The school has flexible curriculum to accommodate each child
(d) All the children with special needs play with each other only.
Answer: (c) The school has
flexible curriculum to accommodate each child
Explanation: Inclusive education means adapting the curriculum and
environment to meet the needs of all learners, not forcing them to fit rigid
systems.
11.
When a teacher gauges the previous knowledge of his learners, he is involved
in:
(a) Assessment of learning
(b) Assessment in
learning
(c) Assessment as learning
(d) Assessment for learning
Answer: (d) Assessment for
learning
Explanation: Assessing prior knowledge is a diagnostic/formative
practice done to plan instruction, which is “assessment for learning.”
12.
In order to study the influence of environment on intelligence, which of the
following method is not suitable?
(a) Twin Studies
(b) Psychological Studies
(c) Adoption Studies
(d) Longitudinal
Studies
Answer: (b) Psychological
Studies
Explanation: “Psychological studies” is too vague; twin, adoption, and
longitudinal studies are specific, suitable methods for separating genetic and
environmental effects.
13.
For a teacher, the primary objective of assessment should be
(a) Spotting error of students
(b) Identifying gaps in the achievement of students and helping in bridging
these gaps
(c) Measuring the achievement of students
(d) Assessing for the retention or promotion of a child.
Answer: (b) Identifying gaps
in the achievement of students and helping in bridging these gaps
Explanation: The core purpose of assessment is to improve learning by
identifying and addressing gaps, not merely grading or promoting.
14.
Which of the following is not a part of Social learning theory?
(a) Imitation
(b) Modelling
(c) Observation
(d) Behavioural manifestation
Answer: (d) Behavioural
manifestation
Explanation: Social learning theory emphasizes imitation, modelling, and
observation; “behavioural manifestation” is not a specific concept within it.
15.
Who among the following highlighted that learning is a socially mediated
process?
(a) Erikson
(b) Vygotsky
(c) Kohlberg
(d) Thorndike
Answer: (b) Vygotsky
Explanation: Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory stresses that learning occurs
through social interaction and mediation by more knowledgeable others.
16.
A change in the mental processes that underlie all learning and performance can
be referred to as:
(a) Moral maturation
(b) Cognitive development
(c) Social-emotional development
(d) Intellectual
development
Answer: (b) Cognitive
development
Explanation: Cognitive development specifically refers to changes in
thinking, memory, problem-solving, and other mental processes.
17.
Prema seems to be overloaded with energy. She bounces on her seat and
frequently interrupts others. It is difficult for her to focus and listen to
her teachers. She may be identified with
(a) Learning disability
(b) ADHD
(c) Severe
multiple disabilities
(d) Hearing impairment
Answer: (b) ADHD
Explanation: The symptoms described (hyperactivity, impulsivity,
inattention) are characteristic of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
18.
The Person with Disability Act 1995 emphasizes
(a) Equal opportunity
(b) Protection of rights
(c) Full participation
(d) All of the
above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: The PWD Act 1995 aims to provide equal opportunities,
protect rights, and ensure full participation for persons with disabilities.
19.
According to Piaget, at which of the following stage does the child begin to
think logically about the abstract concepts?
(a) Sensori-motor stage
(b) Formal
operational stage
(c) Concrete
operational stage
(d) Pre-operational stage
Answer: (b) Formal
operational stage
Explanation: From age 11 onward, adolescents develop the ability to
reason abstractly, hypothetically, and logically.
20.
Which of the following is not a matter of debate in developmental psychology?
(a) Mind-body
(b) Nature-Nurture
(c) One course of development — Many courses of
development
(d) Stage wise — No stage
Answer: (a) Mind-body
Explanation: The mind-body problem is philosophical, not a central
empirical debate in developmental psychology; the others are classic debates.
21.
In which of the following stages children are able to engage in ‘make-believe’
play?
(a) Formal operational
(b) Concrete operational
(c) Pre-operational
(d) Sensori-motor
Answer: (c) Pre-operational
Explanation: During the pre-operational stage (ages 2–7), children
engage in symbolic and pretend play, using objects to represent others.
22.
When a child gives in to the peer-pressure, then he may be said to be
(a) Competing
(b) Conforming
(c) Cooperating
(d) Confirming
Answer: (b) Conforming
Explanation: Yielding to peer pressure means adopting group norms or behaviors,
which is an act of conformity.
23.
What do you mean by FAS?
(a) Fatal Alcohol Symptom
(b) Foetal Alcohol
Syndrome
(c) Formal Alcohol
Symptoms
(d) Famous Abnormal Symptoms.
Answer: (b) Foetal Alcohol
Syndrome
Explanation: FAS is a condition caused by maternal alcohol consumption
during pregnancy, leading to physical and cognitive impairments in the child.
24.
Which of the following is not a way of formative assessment?
(a) Annual Examination
(b) Assignments
(c) Group work
(d) Classroom discussions
Answer: (a) Annual
Examination
Explanation: Annual examinations are summative assessments, conducted at
the end of a course, not ongoing formative methods.
25.
Which one involves an ability to manage your own thinking and problem solving?
(a) Metacognitive skills
(b) Experiential
intelligence
(c) Self
regulation
(d) None of the
above
Answer: (a) Metacognitive
skills
Explanation: Metacognition is “thinking about thinking” – planning,
monitoring, and regulating one’s own cognitive processes.
26.
Curricular modification programme developed in written form to facilitate the
educational experiences of each child with special needs is called
(a) Verification procedure
(b) Peer
interaction document
(c) Individualized educational programme
(d) Self assessment portfolio
Answer: (c) Individualized
Educational Programme
Explanation: An IEP is a written plan tailored to a specific child’s
learning needs, goals, and accommodations.
27.
Who strongly claimed that he can train an individual to be anything he wanted,
irrespective of his/her tendencies, abilities, race, culture?
(a) Erickson
(b) Watson
(c) Freud
(d) Bandura
Answer: (b) Watson
Explanation: John B. Watson, the behaviorist, famously claimed he could
train any healthy infant to become any type of specialist regardless of
background.
28.
Identity vs role confusion was the concept given by ……. And happens in …..
stage.
(a) Freud latency stage
(b) Erikson adolescence stage
(c) Kohlberg childhood
(d) Erikson middle childhood
Answer: (b) Erikson
adolescence stage
Explanation: Erikson’s fifth psychosocial stage, occurring during
adolescence, is Identity vs Role Confusion.
29.
A child from a rhyme to learn the order of plants this is known as:
(a) Heuristic
(b) Mnemonic
(c) chunking
(d) none of the above
Answer: (b) Mnemonic
Explanation: Using rhymes to remember information is a mnemonic device – a
memory aid or strategy.
30.
Bruner identified three major stages of cognitive growth. Identify the correct
order of stages
(a) Symbolic, Iconic, Enactive
(b) Iconic,
Symbolic, Enactive
(c) Enactive, Iconic, Symbolic
(d) Symbolic, Enactive, Iconic
Answer: (c) Enactive, Iconic,
Symbolic
Explanation: Bruner’s three modes of representation develop in order:
enactive (action-based), iconic (image-based), and symbolic (language-based).
2015
PSTET CDP paper.
1.
Which of the following name combinations contains two Gestalt psychologists?
(a) Koffka, Wundt, Watson, Kohler
(b) Wertheimer, Watson, James, Cohen
(c) Kohler, Cohen,
Wundt, Kelman
(d) Watson, Kelman, Koffka, Wundt
Answer: (a) Koffka, Wundt,
Watson, Kohler
Explanation: Koffka and Kohler were key Gestalt psychologists; Wundt
founded structuralism, Watson founded behaviorism.
2.
The term ‘intra-individual differences’ means
(a) Differences among various traits in a given individual
(b) Differences in a given trait between two or more individuals
(c) Differences in a given trait in a given individual associated with the
passage of time
(d) Differences in a given trait in a given individual associated with errors
of measurement
Answer: (a) Differences among
various traits in a given individual
Explanation: Intra-individual differences compare different
characteristics within the same person, while inter-individual compares people.
3.
Ultimately, the effectiveness of a school programme as it affects a child
depends upon
(a) The effectiveness of checking and supervision
(b) Cooperation and participation of the community
(c) Competence of the teacher
(d) Suitability of the curriculum
Answer: (c) Competence of the
teacher
Explanation: The teacher is the primary implementer of any program;
teacher competence directly impacts student learning outcomes.
4.
The two sciences which have largely dominated education are
(a) Psychology and Sociology
(b) Biology and Psychology
(c) Psychology and Anthropology
(d) Biology and Sociology
Answer: (a) Psychology and
Sociology
Explanation: Psychology provides understanding of learning and development;
sociology provides insight into social contexts and institutions.
5.
Which of the following is not a factor influencing group Organization?
(a) Desire for security and recognition
(b) Common age and environment
(c) Common moral standards
(d) None of the above
Answer: (d) None of the above
Explanation: All listed factors—security needs, shared age/environment, and
common moral standards—influence group organization.
6. A
common measure for assessing a group structure is
(a) Sociogram (b) Sociodrama (c) Group-rating scale (d) Observation of
the group in a natural setting
Answer: (a) Sociogram
Explanation: A sociogram visually represents social connections and
preferences within a group, revealing group structure.
7.
Who did extensive research on gifted children?
(a) Lewis Terman
(b) Samuel A Kirk
(c) Montessori
(d) Gallagher
Answer: (a) Lewis Terman
Explanation: Terman conducted landmark longitudinal research on gifted
children, starting in 1921.
8.
John Dewey's view of education emphasizes
(a) Knowledge as power
(b) Education as preparation for life
(c) Knowledge for the sake of knowledge
(d) Education as life
Answer: (d) Education as life
Explanation: Dewey believed education should be experiential and
integrated with real life, not merely preparation for the future.
9.
According to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, which of the
following statements is true?
(a) Intelligence is not a single entity
(b) Intelligences are interdependent
(c) Different types of intelligence interact and work together
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Gardner proposed multiple distinct intelligences that are
not isolated but interact and work together.
10.
When was the National Policy on Persons with Disabilities enacted in India?
(a) 1986
(b) 1968
(c) 2006
(d) 2000
Answer: (c) 2006
Explanation: The Government of India announced the National Policy for
Persons with Disabilities in February 2006.
11.
‘Extinction’ occurs when
(a) A natural response of the organism is not reinforced
(b) A conditioned stimulus is not accompanied by reinforcement
(c) A stimulus is not associated with reward
(d) A conditioned response is not reinforced
Answer: (d) A conditioned
response is not reinforced
Explanation: Extinction in operant conditioning happens when a
previously reinforced response no longer receives reinforcement.
12.
The reinforcement schedule that yields lowest performance is
(a) Fixed interval schedule
(b) Fixed ratio schedule
(c) Variable ratio schedule
(d) Variable
interval schedule
Answer: (a) Fixed interval
schedule
Explanation: Fixed interval schedules produce moderate, uneven responding with
a post-reinforcement pause, generally lowest overall performance.
13.
The phenomenon of ‘Differential Inhibition’ is associated with
(a) Spontaneous recovery
b) Experimental extinction
(c) Discrimination
learning
(d) None of the
above
Answer: (c) Discrimination
learning
Explanation: Differential inhibition is the process of inhibiting responses to
non-reinforced stimuli while responding to reinforced ones.
14.
‘Survival needs’ motivate the organism to
(a) Avoid a painful experience
(b) To provide for physiological needs
(c) Gain higher
status and recognition
(d) Seek pleasure
Answer: (b) To provide for
physiological needs
Explanation: Survival needs like food, water, and shelter are
physiological necessities that drive behavior.
15.
The one major purpose of administering an IQ test to school going children is
(a) To help a child keep his level of aspiration in line with reality
(b) To keep a record in case the child should need guidance
(c) To help the teacher in making more realistic demands upon the child
(d) To make the parents aware of their child’s limitations.
Answer: (c) To help the
teacher in making more realistic demands upon the child
Explanation: IQ test results guide teachers to set appropriate academic
challenges matching the child’s cognitive level.
16.
Two boys have an IQ of 120. It can be concluded that
(a) The boys are equal in their mental age
(b) Parents of both boys are of above-average intelligence
(c) Both boys would be successful in academic performance
(d) None of the above is necessarily true.
Answer: (d) None of the above
is necessarily true
Explanation: Same IQ does not imply same mental age unless chronological
age is same; other conclusions are not warranted.
17.
‘Brain Storming’ technique is essentially used for
(a) Developing general mental ability
(b) Encouraging convergent thinking
(c) Creating interest in activities
(d) Stimulating creativity
Answer: (d) Stimulating
creativity
Explanation: Brainstorming encourages divergent thinking and free association
to generate novel ideas.
18.
Jean Piaget pointedly called his approach to child development as
(a) Evolutionary
(b)
Psychodynamic
(c)
Genetic Epistemology
(d)
Biological
Answer: (c) Genetic
Epistemology
Explanation: Piaget studied the origins (genesis) of knowledge
(epistemology) through developmental stages.
20.
An adolescent’s attempt to emancipate himself from parental control and
supervision
(a) is oriented towards obtaining complete personal independence
(b) generally evolves from rebelliousness arising out of poor parent-child
relationship
(c) is to attain freedom and enjoy his social relationships
(d) is generally symptomatic of the normal course of growing up
Answer: (d) is generally
symptomatic of the normal course of growing up
Explanation: Seeking autonomy from parents is a typical and healthy
aspect of adolescent development.
21.
The quote ‘child is father of the man’ reflects the emphasis of which of the
following?
(a) Carl G Jung
(b) Sigmund Freud
(c) Eysenck
(d) G.W. Allport
Answer: (b) Sigmund Freud
Explanation: Freud emphasized that early childhood experiences profoundly
determine adult personality.
22.
Who is the author of the book ‘Mind in Society’?
(a) Piaget
(b) Kohlberg
(c) Vygotsky
(d) Bandura
Answer: (c) Vygotsky
Explanation: Vygotsky’s "Mind in Society" discusses
sociocultural theory and the zone of proximal development.
23.
Who wrote the book ‘The Moral Judgement of the Child’?
(a) Jean Piaget
(b) Lawrence
Kohlberg
(c) Ericson
(d) Hoffman
Answer: (a) Jean Piaget
Explanation: Piaget studied moral reasoning in children, publishing "The
Moral Judgment of the Child" in 1932.
24.
Intelligence is usually defined by using a ... definition
(a) Subjective
(b) Operational
(c) Mathematical
(d) Physiological
Answer: (b) Operational
Explanation: Intelligence is defined operationally by what intelligence
tests measure.
25.
Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in the university of
(a) Coliform
(b) Michigan
(c) Leipzig
(d) Harvard
Answer: (c) Leipzig
Explanation: Wundt founded the first experimental psychology lab at the
University of Leipzig in 1879.
26.
The sudden appearance of a solution to a problem may be a period of
(a) Preparation
(b) Incubation
(c) Illumination
(d) Verification
Answer: (c) Illumination
Explanation: In Wallas's stages of creative problem-solving, illumination is
the "aha!" moment when solution appears.
27.
Which of the following was not stressed by Gestalt Psychology?
(a) The whole
(b) Configuration
(c) Field of operation
(d) Conscious experience
Answer: (d) Conscious
experience
Explanation: Gestalt psychology emphasized holistic perception and field
theory, not the analysis of conscious experience into elements.
28.
If Jean Piaget was grading an examination you attempted, he would be most
interested in
(a) Whether you have written your answers correctly
(b) What your opinion about examination is
(c) How you derived your answers
(d) Whether you studied well before examination
Answer: (c) How you derived
your answers
Explanation: Piaget was interested in the child's cognitive processes
and reasoning, not merely the final correct answer.
29.
In developmental terminology, Phenylketonuria (PKU) refers to
(a) Down's syndrome
(b) A hereditary
enzyme
(c) Microcephaly
(d) Cretinism
Answer: (b) A hereditary
enzyme
Explanation: PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of the
enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.
30.
The upper part of a baby develops earlier than the lower part is termed as
(a) Proximodistal
(b) Cephalocaudal
(c) General to
specific
(d) Corticotectal
Answer: (b) Cephalocaudal
Explanation: Cephalocaudal development refers to the pattern where growth
proceeds from the head downward to the lower body.
2016
PSTET CDP paper
1.
When a teacher is assessing students in classroom, which of the following as an
objective is avoided considering it is an authentic test?
(a) Give feedback to student about their performance
(b) Assess students habits and repertoires
(c) Minimize needless and demoralising comparison among students
(d) Students individual aptitude, learning style should not be considered
Answer: (d) Students
individual aptitude, learning style should not be considered
Explanation: Authentic assessment values individual differences;
ignoring aptitude and learning style contradicts its core philosophy.
2.
Whenever you are making a multiple choice question, wrong answers are offered
as choices with the correct answer. These wrong answers are known as
(a) Distractors
(b) Stem
(c) Portfolio
(d) Rubrics
Answer: (a) Distractors
Explanation: In MCQ, the incorrect options are called distractors
because they distract from the correct answer.
3.
The basic idea of inquiry learning involves following elements:
(a) Formulate hypotheses, collect conclusions, accept reviews without
reflection
(b) Collect data, collect conclusions, accept reviews without reflection
(c) Formulate hypotheses, draw conclusion, accept reviews without reflection
(d) Formulate hypotheses, collect data, draw conclusion, reflect on original
problem
Answer: (d) Formulate
hypotheses, collect data, draw conclusion, reflect on original problem
Explanation: Inquiry learning is a reflective cycle involving hypothesis
formation, data collection, drawing conclusions, and reflection.
4.
This stage is the time of sexual reawakening, the source of sexual pleasure now
becomes someone outside the family. The stage in Freud’s psychosexual theory
is:
(a) Phallic
(b) Anal
(c) Latency
(d) Genital
Answer: (d) Genital
Explanation: The genital stage (puberty onward) reawakens sexual energy
directed toward others outside the family.
5.
The person responsible for the development and design of the first useful
individual test of intelligence is:
(a) Freud
(b) Bruner
(c) Binet
(d) Piaget
Answer: (c) Binet
Explanation: Alfred Binet, with Théodore Simon, developed the first practical
individual intelligence test in 1905.
6.
Special material, equipment and strategies that specifically help students with
low vision to function in regular classroom include
(a) Large print typewriter
(b) Use of sign language
(c) Finger spelling
(d) Use visual cues as often as possible
Answer: (a) Large print
typewriter
Explanation: Large print materials assist low vision students; sign language
and finger spelling are for hearing impairment.
7.
Which of the following is not directly associated with policy for inclusion?
(a) Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action (1994)
(b) Kyoto protocol
(c) Baako Millennium Framework targets on education in the second Asian and
Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons (2003-2012)
(d) Dakar Framework for Action on Education for All (2000)
Answer: (b) Kyoto protocol
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol addresses climate change, not inclusive
education policies.
8. A
…………….. is an inborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation.
(a) resilience
(b) conciliating
(c) reflex
(d) control deficiency
Answer: (c) reflex
Explanation: A reflex is an innate, involuntary response to a specific
stimulus, such as sucking or blinking.
9.
Conditioning, infants act, or operate, on the environment, and stimuli that
follow their behaviour change the probability that the behaviour will occur
again.
(a) Operant
(b) Classical
(c) Retention
(d) Punishment
Answer: (a) Operant
Explanation: Operant conditioning (Skinner) involves behavior controlled by
consequences (reinforcement or punishment).
10.
Which of the following are two major features of Piaget’s formal operational
stage of cognitive theory?
(a) Hypothetic deductive reasoning and Propositional thought
(b) Spatial reasoning and Hypothetic deductive reasoning
(c) Seriation and Propositional thought
(d) Spatial reasoning and Propositional thought
Answer: (a) Hypothetic
deductive reasoning and Propositional thought
Explanation: Formal operational thinkers can reason hypothetically and
evaluate logical propositions abstractly.
11.
Which of the following is not an example of ‘tactics for learning verbal
information’?
(a) Attention focusing by making outlines, underlining
(b) Schema building by story grammars
(c) Idea elaboration by self questioning and imagery
(d) Patter learning by hypothesizing
Answer: (d) Patter learning
by hypothesizing
Explanation: Hypothesizing is for concept learning or problem solving,
not a typical tactic for memorizing verbal information.
12.
…………… is generally not associated with constructivism.
(a) Vygotsky’s theory
(b) Classical conditioning
(c) Equilibration (
d) Self awareness
Answer: (b) Classical
conditioning
Explanation: Classical conditioning is a behaviorist concept; constructivism
emphasizes active knowledge construction.
13.
The ability to think about language as a system is awareness
(a) Referential communication
(b) Speech
register
(c) Bilingualism
(d) Metalinguistic
Answer: (d) Metalinguistic
awareness
Explanation: Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to reflect on and
manipulate the structure of language.
14.
Mastery oriented students tend to value achievement and see ability as
improvable, so they focus on
(a) Expectations of others and have no goals
(b) Mastery goals in order to increase their skills and abilities
(c) Their lack of ability and consider it as source of failure
(d) Mastery goals in order to avoid failure
Answer: (b) Mastery goals in
order to increase their skills and abilities
Explanation: Mastery-oriented students seek to improve competence, not
just avoid failure or please others.
15.
While assessing creativity of an individual, according to Torrance, “On a
graphic test... Responses to all these tasks would be scored for three aspects
of divergent thinking, which are
(a) Originality, fluency and flexibility
(b) Originality, flexibility and diversity
(c) Fluency, Diversity and concentration
(d) Diversity, flexibility and concentration
Answer: (a) Originality,
fluency and flexibility
Explanation: Torrance’s framework measures divergent thinking through
originality (novelty), fluency (many ideas), and flexibility (different
categories).
16.
According to Vygotsky's theory, the process whereby two participants who begin
a task with different understanding arrive at a shared understanding is known
as
(a) Intersubjectivity
(b) Scaffolding
(c) Guided participation
(d) Reciprocal
participation
Answer: (a) Intersubjectivity
Explanation: Intersubjectivity is the mutual understanding that emerges between
individuals through social interaction.
17.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg? Actually gender constancy stages: Children gain
understanding of gender moving through stages:
(a) Gender struggle, Gender stability, Gender consistency
(b) Gender labelling, Gender struggle, Gender stability
(c) Gender labelling, Gender stability, Gender consistency
(d) Gender labelling, Gender struggle, Gender stability
Answer: (c) Gender labelling,
Gender stability, Gender consistency
Explanation: Kohlberg’s cognitive-developmental theory of gender includes
labelling (basic identity), stability (gender persists over time), and
consistency (gender constant across situations).
18.
There are two basic types of intermittent reinforcement schedules. They are
(a) Continuous schedule and interval schedule
(b) Interval schedule and ratio schedule
(c) Interval schedule and slot schedule
(d) Slot schedule and continuous schedule
Answer: (b) Interval schedule
and ratio schedule
Explanation: Intermittent reinforcement schedules are based on time (interval)
or number of responses (ratio).
19.
Personal factors, the physical and social environment and behaviour, all
influence and are influenced by each other. Bandura calls this interaction of
forces as
(a) Modelling
(b) Strengthening inhibitions
(c) Reciprocal determinism
(d) Ripple effect
Answer: (c) Reciprocal
determinism
Explanation: Reciprocal determinism describes the dynamic mutual
influence among personal factors, behavior, and environment.
20.
A teacher wants to know about the level of accomplishment attained in her
subject after the completion of the session/term. She takes a test to complete
this objective. The type of assessment she is doing is typically
(a) Formative assessment
(b) Textbook
assessment
(c) Summative
assessment
(d) Objective assessment
Answer: (c) Summative
assessment
Explanation: Summative assessment evaluates learning at the end of an
instructional period (term/session).
21.
“A very pleasant student who seems to work hard and creates little problem may
be given the benefit of doubt (higher grade than deserved), whereas a very
troubling student who creates trouble in class may be given a lower grade.”
This is an example of
(a) Expectancy theory
(b) Mnemonic
(c) Teacher's conditioning
(d) Halo effect
Answer: (d) Halo effect
Explanation: The halo effect is a bias where a general impression
(pleasant/troubling) influences specific judgments (grading).
22.
According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning, which of the following is
correctly matched?
(a) Pre-conventional moral reasoning – good boy-nice girl orientation
(b) Conventional moral reasoning – law and order orientation
(c) Pre-conventional moral reasoning – social contract orientation
(d) Post-conventional moral reasoning – punishment-obedience orientation
Answer: (b) Conventional
moral reasoning – law and order orientation
Explanation: Law and order orientation is stage 4 of conventional level
in Kohlberg’s theory.
23.
Which of the following strategies should you associate with culturally relevant
teaching?
(a) Do not use activities and projects
(b) Keep standardized criterion for students behaviour during
discussion/assessment/interactions
(c) Experiment with different grouping arrangements to encourage social harmony
and cooperation
(d) Community participation should be avoided
Answer: (c) Experiment with
different grouping arrangements to encourage social harmony and cooperation
Explanation: Culturally relevant teaching uses flexible grouping to
promote cooperation and respect for diversity.
24.
According to Renzulli and Reis, following set of characteristics can be
associated with people who are gifted:
(a) Who are persistent, with low motivation, with usual ideas
(b) Who are persistent, with high motivation, with usual ideas
(c) Who are persistent, with low motivation, creative
(d) Who are persistent, with high motivation, creative
Answer: (d) Who are
persistent, with high motivation, creative
Explanation: Renzulli’s three-ring conception of giftedness includes
above-average ability, creativity, and task commitment (high motivation).
25.
According to National Curriculum Framework position paper on education of
special needs, following can be directly associated with benefits of inclusion
for students:
(a) Spending the school day alongside classmates who do not have
disabilities provides many opportunities for social interaction that would not
be available in segregated settings.
(b) Children with SEN would not have appropriate models of behaviour.
(c) Children without SEN would find it difficult to learn about tolerance,
individual difference, and human exceptionality by interacting with those with
SEN.
(d) Inclusion offers limited opportunity to interact with each other.
Answer: (a) Spending the
school day alongside classmates who do not have disabilities provides many
opportunities for social interaction that would not be available in segregated
settings.
Explanation: Social interaction and modeling are key benefits of
inclusive education cited in NCF.
26.
In one of the studies designed by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk (1960) they
designed visual cliff for children. It showed that babies are able to judge
distance of objects from one another and from themselves. This ability which
helped them for understanding the layout of environment and for guiding motor
activity is termed as
(a) Distance perception
(b) Visual acuity
(c) Depth perception
(d) Visual discrimination
Answer: (c) Depth perception
Explanation: The visual cliff experiment specifically tested depth perception
in infants.
27.
A pre-school child after seeing a zebra at the zoo, calls out “Horse!”. Which
of the following processes is he using?
(a) Accommodation
(b) Assimilation
(c) Organization
(d) Seriation
Answer: (b) Assimilation
Explanation: Assimilation is fitting a new object (zebra) into an
existing schema (horse).
28.
Children acquire selective, adaptable attention with the help of gains in two
components of executive function which are
(a) Acquisition and inhibition strategies
(b) Planning and acquisition strategies
(c) Inhibition and attention strategies
(d) Planning and assimilation strategies
Answer: (c) Inhibition and
attention strategies
Explanation: Executive function components for selective attention include
inhibitory control and sustained/focused attention.
29.
If a child is able to draw conclusions by applying rules or principles;
logically moving from a general rule or principle to a specific solution, we
would say that
(a) The child is able to apply deductive reasoning
(b) The child is using assimilation
(c) The child is able to apply inductive reasoning
(d) The child is using a heuristic
Answer: (a) The child is able
to apply deductive reasoning
Explanation: Deductive reasoning moves from general premises to specific
conclusions.
30.
Which of the following is not Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?
(a) Preconventional moral reasoning
(b) Postconventional moral reasoning
(c) Conventional moral reasoning
(d) Conventional reasoning
Answer: (d) Conventional
reasoning
Explanation: Kohlberg’s three levels are preconventional, conventional, and
postconventional; “conventional reasoning” alone is not a standard stage label
(it is usually “conventional moral reasoning”). However, among options, (d) is
the odd one as it is not a distinct stage name.
2018
PSTET CDP paper
1.
The thinking process involved in producing an idea or concept that is new,
original and useful, is termed as
(a) Creativity
(b) Innovation
(c) Intelligence
(d) Synectic’s
Answer: (a) Creativity
Explanation: Creativity refers to generating novel and valuable ideas;
innovation is implementation, intelligence is broader problem-solving ability.
2.
According to NCF 2005, the role of teacher has been that of a
(a) Authority
(b) Dictatorial
(c) Permissive
(d) Facilitator
Answer: (d) Facilitator
Explanation: NCF 2005 emphasizes the teacher as a facilitator who guides
students to construct knowledge actively.
3.
“Having a diverse classroom with varied social, children from economic and
cultural background enriches the learning experiences of all students” this
statement is
(a) Incorrect, because it can confuse the children and they may feel
lost.
(b) Correct, because children learn many skills from their peers.
(c) Correct, because it makes the classroom more hierarchical.
(d) Incorrect, because it leads to unnecessary competition.
Answer: (b) Correct, because
children learn many skills from their peers
Explanation: Diversity enriches learning by exposing students to
multiple perspectives and fostering peer learning.
4.
Arrange the following components of teaching process in order:
Selection of the subject matter
I. Evaluation
II. Feedback
III. Formulating Objectives
IV. Teaching
Options: (a) III, IV, II, I (b) II, III, IV, I (c) IV, III, II, I (d) III, I,
IV, II
Answer: (d) III, I, IV, II
Explanation: The logical sequence is: formulate objectives, select
subject matter, teach, evaluate, then provide feedback.
5.
Which of the following statements is correct about Jean Piaget's theory of
cognitive development?
(a) The sequence of the stages can vary according to the cultural
context of children.
(b) Piaget argues that instead of progressing through stages, cognitive
development is continuous.
(c) Piaget has proposed five distinct stages of cognitive development.
(d) The stages are invariant which means no stage can be skipped.
Answer: (d) The stages are
invariant which means no stage can be skipped
Explanation: Piaget’s stages are universal and follow a fixed order;
every child progresses through all stages.
6.
According to Lev Vygotsky
(a) Children learn language through a language acquisition drive
(b) Interaction with adults and peers does not influence language development
(c) Language development changes the nature of human thought
(d) Culture plays a very small role in language development
Answer: (c) Language
development changes the nature of human thought
Explanation: Vygotsky emphasized that language is a psychological tool
that transforms thinking and reasoning.
7.
According to Right to Education Act, 2009, children with special needs should
study
(a) in vocational training centres which would prepare them for life
skills
(b) at home with their parents and caregivers providing necessary support
(c) in special schools created exclusively for them
(d) in inclusive education set up with provisions to cater their individual
needs
Answer: (d) in inclusive
education set up with provisions to cater their individual needs
Explanation: RTE 2009 mandates inclusive education in regular schools
with appropriate support for children with special needs.
8.
An effective teacher in classroom, where students come from diverse background
would:
(a) create groups of students with those from the same economic
background put together
(b) push students from deprived backgrounds to work hard so that they can match
up with their peers
(c) focus on their cultural knowledge to address individual differences among
the group
(d) ignore cultural knowledge and treat all his students in uniform manner
Answer: (c) focus on their
cultural knowledge to address individual differences among the group
Explanation: Culturally responsive teaching uses students’ backgrounds as
assets to address individual differences.
9.
According to Piaget’s cognitive development theory, ‘A cohesive, repeatable
action sequence possessing component actions that are tightly interconnected
and governed by a core meaning’ is referred as which of the following?
(a) Schema
(b) Operation
(c) Stage
(d) Egocentrism
Answer: (a) Schema
Explanation: A schema is an organized pattern of thought or action that helps
children interpret the world.
10.
‘Conventional Morality’ is a stage, which comes in which of the following
theory?
(a) Cognitive Development Theory
(b) Moral
Development Theory
(c) Theory of
Instruction
(d) Trial and error Theory
Answer: (b) Moral Development
Theory
Explanation: Kohlberg’s theory of moral development includes conventional
morality as its second level.
11.
Which theory is based on the principle that learner constructs new ideas or
concepts based upon existing knowledge?
(a) Social Constructivism (
b) Cognitive Constructivism
(c) Radical Constructivism
(d) Spiral
Constructivism
Answer: (b) Cognitive
Constructivism
Explanation: Cognitive constructivism (Piaget) emphasizes that learners
actively build new knowledge from prior understanding.
12.
Which of the following is the characteristic of ‘Self-Awareness’ in the model
of Emotional Intelligence?
(a) know how to control impulses
(b) know your own
emotional strategies and weaknesses
(c) able to set
small steps to achieve large goals
(d) able to get along with others
Answer: (b) know your own
emotional strategies and weaknesses
Explanation: Self-awareness involves recognizing one’s own emotions, strengths,
and limitations.
13.
Who gave the concept of Extroversion and Introversion of trait theory of
Personality?
(a) Carl Jung
(b) B.F. Skinner
(c) Albert Bandura
(d) Crow and Crow
Answer: (a) Carl Jung
Explanation: Carl Jung introduced the personality dimensions of extraversion
and introversion.
14.
Which of the following refers to gender division?
(a) The hierarchical unequal roles assigned to boy and girl by society
(b) Biological differences between boy and girl
(c) The ratio of male child and female child
(d) The division between male students and female students
Answer: (a) The hierarchical
unequal roles assigned to boy and girl by society
Explanation: Gender division refers to socially constructed, unequal
roles and expectations, not biological differences.
15.
Recall type test and recognition type test are the types of
(a) Essay type test
(b) Short answer type test
(c) Objective type
test
(d) Very short
answer type test
Answer: (c) Objective type
test
Explanation: Recall (fill-in) and recognition (MCQ) are both formats of
objective tests.
16.
What is the full form of ICIDH?
(a) Indian Classification of Impairment, Disabilities and Handicaps
(b) Indian Classification for Impairment, Disabilities and Handicaps
(c) International Classification for Impairment, Disabilities and Handicaps
(d) International Classification of Impairment, Disabilities and Handicaps
Answer: (d) International
Classification of Impairment, Disabilities and Handicaps
Explanation: ICIDH is a WHO classification system for health and
disability.
17.
The concept ‘Identity versus Role Confusion’ happens in
(a) Early childhood stage
(b) Adolescent
stage
(c) Childhood
(d) Middle childhood
Answer: (b) Adolescent stage
Explanation: Erikson’s fifth psychosocial crisis occurs during
adolescence (ages 12–18).
18.
The right sequence of major stage of cognitive growth as proposed by Jerome
Bruner are
(a) Symbolic, Iconic, Enactive
(b) Iconic, Symbolic, Enactive
(c) Enactive, Iconic, Symbolic
(d) Symbolic, Enactive, Iconic
Answer: (c) Enactive, Iconic,
Symbolic
Explanation: Bruner’s three modes of representation develop in order:
enactive (action), iconic (image), symbolic (language).
19.
Who said that, “if a child will not learn before he is capable to learn, then
why bother; and if a child will learn automatically after he has the capability
to learn, then why bother”?
(a) Jerome Bruner
(b) Howard Gardner
(c) Lev Vygotsky
(d) Jean Piaget
Answer: (a) Jerome Bruner
Explanation: Bruner used this critique to argue against Piaget’s rigid
readiness concept, emphasizing the role of teaching.
20.
Which of the following theories, identifies four stages of child’s intellectual
development i.e. sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational and
formal operational?
(a) Erickson’s theory of Psycho-social Development
(b) Freud theory of Psycho-sexual Development
(c) Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development
(d) Kohlberg's
theory of Moral Development
Answer: (c) Jean Piaget’s
theory of Cognitive Development
Explanation: Piaget proposed these four invariant stages of cognitive
development from infancy to adolescence.
21.
You have a mixed class of boys and girls. Which method you adopt to improve
cooperation between them?
(a) Asking parents to discuss equality
(b) Making boys
and girls share a bench
(c) Setting tasks which have to be done together
(d) Talking about
equality in lessons
Answer: (c) Setting tasks
which have to be done together
Explanation: Cooperative learning tasks requiring joint effort promote
positive interaction and reduce gender bias.
22.
Which makes an adolescent revolt against authority?
(a) He thinks that he is mature enough
(b) His want for
recognition and independence of thoughts and action
(c) He thinks he is intelligent enough
(d) He believes he does not need any advice
Answer: (b) His want for
recognition and independence of thoughts and action
Explanation: Adolescents seek autonomy and identity, leading to
questioning authority as a normal developmental process.
23.
“Education doesn’t bring about social change, rather the social change results
into an educational change” whose view was this?
(a) Auguste Comte
(b) Emile Durkheim
(c) Herbert
Spencer
(d) Karl Marx
Answer: (b) Emile Durkheim
Explanation: Durkheim viewed education as a reflection of society, not a driver
of social change.
24.
Observational learning consists of
• Attention and retention
• Attention and reinforcement
• Production processes and motivation
• Reinforcement and motivation
(a) I and IV only (b) I and III only (c) II and IV only (d) I and II only
Answer: (b) I and III only
Explanation: Bandura’s observational learning requires attention,
retention, production (reproduction), and motivation.
25.
Suppose you get a Punjabi medium student who has learnt Hindi. He is given five
sentences to be translated from Punjabi to Hindi. As an evaluator, which aspect
would you try to evaluate in him?
(a) Application
(b) Knowledge
(c) Synthesis
(d) Understanding
Answer: (d) Understanding
Explanation: Translation demonstrates comprehension of meaning in both
languages, reflecting understanding.
26.
The slogan of ‘Learning Without Burden’ was given by
(a) Adiel Shiah Committee
(b) Ishwar Bhai
Patel Committee
(c) Mathur
Committee
(d) Yashpal
Committee
Answer: (d) Yashpal Committee
Explanation: The Yashpal Committee report (1993) was titled “Learning Without
Burden.”
27.
In Summative Evaluation, which of the following modes is used?
(a) Assignment
(b) Group work
(c) Classroom discussion
(d) Annual Examination
Answer: (d) Annual
Examination
Explanation: Summative evaluation occurs at the end of a term using
final exams, not ongoing activities.
28.
Which of the following is the most appropriate form of assessing the ‘Affective
Domain’ of the students?
(a) Interview
(b) Observation
(c) Questionnaire
(d) Written Test
Answer: (b) Observation
Explanation: Affective traits like attitudes and values are best assessed
through systematic observation over time.
29.
Pranav seems to be overloaded with energy. He bounces on his seat and
frequently interrupts others. It is difficult for him to focus and listen to
his teachers. He is more likely to belong to which of the following categories?
(a) An emotionally disturbed child
(b) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
(c) Attention Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
(d) Dyspraxia
Answer: (b) Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Explanation: Hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention are core
symptoms of ADHD.
30.
ZPD stands for
(a) Zone for Proximal Development
(b) Zone of Proximal Development
(c) Zone with Proximal Development
(d) Zone for Proximal Development
Answer: (b) Zone of Proximal
Development
Explanation: Vygotsky’s ZPD is the gap between what a learner can do alone and
with guidance.
2020
PSTET CDP paper
1.
According to the .................., the more you do something, the better you
are at it.
(a) Law of effect
(b) Law of
exercise
(c) Law of
readiness
(d) Law of
connectionism
Answer: (b) Law of exercise
Explanation: Thorndike’s law of exercise states that practice
strengthens the connection between stimulus and response.
2.
The .............. says, we are motivated to gain rewards and avoid
punishments.
(a) Law of effect
(b) Law of exercise
(c) Law of
readiness
(d) Law of connectionism
Answer: (a) Law of effect
Explanation: Thorndike’s law of effect states that satisfying consequences
(rewards) strengthen behavior, while unpleasant consequences weaken it.
3.
The study of the physical, social and mental aspects of aging is called:
(a) Genetics
(b) Aesthetics
(c) Gerontology
(d) Clinical Psychology
Answer: (c) Gerontology
Explanation: Gerontology is the scientific study of aging and its effects on
physical, social, and mental functioning.
4.
To break information into parts and to examine the information is called
(a) Analysing
(b) Evaluating
(c) Originating
(d) Synthesizing
Answer: (a) Analysing
Explanation: Analysis is the cognitive process of breaking down
information into components to understand its structure.
5.
Which of the following is not related to principles of growth and development?
(a) Principle of continuity
(b) Principle of Integration
(c) Principle of classification
(d) Principle of individuality
Answer: (c) Principle of
classification
Explanation: Classification is a cognitive skill, not a recognized
principle of growth and development.
6.
Verbal Intelligence tests are the better option for
(a) Literate persons
(b) Illiterate persons
(c) Small children
(d) Special children
Answer: (a) Literate persons
Explanation: Verbal tests require reading and language skills, making
them suitable for literate individuals only.
7.
Learning disabilities may occur due to all of the following except
(a) The teacher’s way of teaching
(b) Mental retardation
(c) Prenatal use
of alcohol
(d) Meningitis during infancy
Answer: (a) The teacher’s way
of teaching
Explanation: Learning disabilities are neurobiological in origin; teaching
methods do not cause them, though they affect learning outcomes.
8.
Which one of the following is the affair of learning?
(a) natural
(b) personal
(c) Social
(d) all of the
above
Answer: (d) all of the above
Explanation: Learning is influenced by natural (biological), personal
(individual), and social (interactional) factors.
9.
Inclusion of children with special needs?
(a) is an unrealistic goal
(b) is detrimental to children without disabilities
(c) will increase the burden on schools
(d) requires a change in attitude, content and approach to teaching
Answer: (d) requires a change
in attitude, content and approach to teaching
Explanation: Successful inclusion demands systemic changes in mindset,
curriculum, and pedagogy.
10.
The cephalocaudal principle of development explains how development proceeds
from
(a) General to specific functions
(b) General to
specific functions
(c) Rural to urban
areas
Answer: (a) General to
specific functions (Note: The
question appears misprinted; cephalocaudal means head-to-tail. Among
options, “General to specific” is closest but not perfect. However, typical
PSTET answer expects “General to specific” as cephalocaudal is one aspect of
that principle.)
Explanation: Cephalocaudal principle describes growth from head downward, which
is an example of general to specific development.
11.
Most important factor influencing human intelligence
(a) Heredity (b) Environment (c) Both of the above (d) None of the above
Answer: (c) Both of the above
Explanation: Intelligence is shaped by the interaction of genetic
inheritance and environmental experiences.
12.
Generally, the baby expresses smiling emotion when its face or cheeks are
touched gently. It happens due to
(a) Reflex actions
(b) Emotional
reactions
(c) Display of
good gestures
(d) Conditioning
Answer: (a) Reflex actions
Explanation: Newborn smiling in response to touch is a reflexive
behavior, not a learned emotional expression.
13.
Social stratification can be expressed as
(a) The characteristics denoting socio-economic structure in the society
(b) The level of a family in the caste hierarchy of their community
(c) Foundation based on the demography of the
(d) Terms denoting the level of social respect of personalized teaching
Answer: (a) The
characteristics denoting socio-economic structure in the society
Explanation: Social stratification refers to hierarchical ranking of
groups based on socioeconomic factors.
14.
The meaning of personalized teaching is:
(1) to teach children personality
(2) to give
tuition individually
(3) to teach
children as per their abilities
(4) None of the
above
Answer: (3) to teach children
as per their abilities
Explanation: Personalized teaching adapts instruction to meet each
learner’s unique strengths and needs.
15.
Which one of the following factors does not influence the child’s development?
(a) Heredity
(b) Culture
(c) Achievement
(d) Growth
Answer: (c) Achievement
Explanation: Achievement is an outcome of development, not an
influencing factor; heredity, culture, and growth are determinants.
16.
Inclusion of children with special needs -
(a) is an unrealistic goal.
(b) is detrimental to children without disabilities
(c) will increase the burden on schools.
(d) requires a change in attitude content and approach to
teaching
Answer: (d) requires a change
in attitude content and approach to teaching
Explanation: (Same as Q9) Inclusion requires systemic transformation, not just
physical placement.
17.
A child with hearing Impairment
(a) Should be sent only to a school for the hearing impaired and not to
a regular school
(b) Will not benefit from academic education only and should be given
vocational training instead
(c) Can do very well in a regular school if suitable facilitation and resources
are provided
(d) Will never be able to perform on par with classmates in a regular school
Answer: (c) Can do very well
in a regular school if suitable facilitation and resources are provided
Explanation: With appropriate supports (hearing aids, sign language, FM
systems), hearing-impaired children can succeed in inclusive settings.
18.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a gifted learner?
(a) He gets aggressive and frustrated
(b) He can feel under stimulated and bored if the class activities are not
challenging enough
(c) He is highly temperamental
(d) He engages in ritualistic behaviour like hand flapping, rocking etc.
Answer: (b) He can feel under
stimulated and bored if the class activities are not challenging enough
Explanation: Gifted learners need intellectual challenge; lack of
stimulation leads to boredom and disengagement.
19.
A few students in your class are exceptionally bright, you will teach them.
(a) Along with the class
(b) Along with the higher class
(c) By using enriched programmes
(d) Only when they
want
Answer: (c) By using enriched
programmes
Explanation: Enrichment provides depth and complexity beyond the regular
curriculum to challenge gifted learners.
20.
Problem child
(a) Pampering guardians
(b) Hereditary problems
c) IQ problems
(d) Physical
problems
Answer: (a) Pampering
guardians
Explanation: Overindulgent or inconsistent parenting can contribute to
behavioral problems in children.
21.
Which from the following should be used to decrease minor inappropriate
behaviour?
(a) Praise
(b) Reward
(c) Strictness
(d) Ignorance
Answer: (d) Ignorance
Explanation: Planned ignoring (extinction) of minor attention-seeking
behaviors reduces their occurrence over time.
22.
The conclusion of a deductive argument is
(a) certain
(b) probable
(c) experience
(d) observation
Answer: (a) certain
Explanation: Deductive reasoning moves from general premises to specific
conclusions that are logically certain if premises are true.
23.
Rousseau advocated an educational method which consisted of removing the child
from
(a) School
(b) Burden
(c) Society
(d) Past-memory
Answer: (c) Society
Explanation: Rousseau believed society corrupts natural goodness, so education
should remove the child from corrupt social influences.
24.
A priori knowledge is knowledge that is known independently of
(a) Analysis
(b) Evidence
(c) Experience
(d) Information
Answer: (c) Experience
Explanation: A priori knowledge is gained through reasoning without empirical
experience (e.g., mathematical truths).
25.
A posteriori knowledge is knowledge that is known by
(a) Analysis
(b) Evidence
(c) Experience
(d) Information
Answer: (c) Experience
Explanation: A posteriori knowledge is derived from sensory experience and
empirical evidence.
26.
According to John Locke, a child’s mind does not contain any
(a) Memory
(b) Imagination
(c) Observation
(d) Innate ideas
Answer: (d) Innate ideas
Explanation: Locke’s tabula rasa (blank slate) theory states the mind is
empty of innate ideas at birth.
27.
The application of ideas, knowledge and skills to achieve the desired results
is called
(a) Critical thinking
(b) Problem
solving
(c) Deductive
method
(d) Reasoned
arguments
Answer: (b) Problem solving
Explanation: Problem solving involves applying knowledge and skills to
reach a desired goal.
28.
According to Robert Sternberg, the three different types of required
intelligence for creativity are
(a) Analytical, critical and practical
(b) Abstract,
synthetic and analytical
(c) Synthetic,
analytic and practical
(d) Analytical,
observation and practical
Answer: (c) Synthetic,
analytic and practical
Explanation: Sternberg’s creativity model includes synthetic (idea
generation), analytic (evaluation), and practical (implementation)
intelligence.
29.
The connection between stimulus and response is called
(a) Receiving-accepting paradigm
(b) Stimulus-response paradigm
(c) Receiving-accepting bond
(d)
Stimulus-response
Answer: (b) Stimulus-response
paradigm
Explanation: The S-R paradigm is the fundamental association between a
stimulus and a learned response.
30.
The ...……………. the stimulus-response bond (S-R bond), the better a person has
learned the lesson
(a) Stable
(b) Weaker
(c) Stronger
(d) Unstable
Answer: (c) Stronger
Explanation: A stronger S-R bond indicates more automatic and durable learning
according to behaviorist theory.
2021
PSTET CDP paper.
1.
The word "Emotion" is derived from the word of which language?
(1) Latin
(2) Greek
(3) French
(4) None of the
above
Answer: (1) Latin
Explanation: "Emotion" comes from the Latin word "emovere,"
meaning to move out or agitate.
2.
According to Robert Sternberg, what three types of intelligence are required
for creativity?
(1) Analytical, critical, and practical
(2) Subtle,
synthetic, and analytical
(3) Synthetic,
analytical, and practical
(4) Analytical,
observational, and practical
Answer: (3) Synthetic,
analytical, and practical
Explanation: Sternberg’s creativity model includes synthetic (idea
generation), analytical (evaluation), and practical (implementation)
intelligence.
3.
What disability did the great Vedic scholar Ashtavakra have?
(1) Hearing
(2) Vision
(3) Orthopedic
(4) All of the above
Answer: (3) Orthopedic
Explanation: Ashtavakra had eight physical deformities (orthopedic
disabilities), not sensory impairments.
4.
According to Terman, gifted children are better in:
(1) Physical development
(2) Academic achievement
(3) Intelligence
(4) All of the
above
Answer: (4) All of the above
Explanation: Terman’s longitudinal studies found gifted children excel
in physical, academic, and intellectual domains.
5.
Children may face difficulty in reading due to:
(1) Visual impairment
(2) Hearing
impairment
(3) Lack of
interest
(4) All of the above
Answer: (4) All of the above
Explanation: Reading difficulties can arise from sensory impairments,
motivational issues, or other factors.
6.
Which of the following is NOT a condition for encouraging motivation?
(1) Creating interest
(2) Suppressing curiosity
(3) Developing
achievement motivation
(4) Providing incentives
Answer: (2) Suppressing
curiosity
Explanation: Suppressing curiosity reduces intrinsic motivation; the
other options promote motivation.
7.
According to whom is the development of an individual the result of interaction
with their own social environment?
(1) Freud
(2) Piaget
(3) Kohlberg
(4) Erikson
Answer: (4) Erikson
Explanation: Erikson’s psychosocial theory emphasizes social interaction across
the lifespan.
8.
Kohlberg defined moral development as the development of an individual's sense
of:
(1) Equality
(2) Freedom
(3) Justice
(4) Community
Answer: (3) Justice
Explanation: Kohlberg’s theory centers on the concept of justice and
fairness in moral reasoning.
9.
According to Piaget, which age is specifically associated with the absence of
language?
(1) Birth to 2 years
(2) 2 to 7 years
(3) 7 to 11 years
(4) 32 to 15 years (likely a typo; should be 12 to 15
years)
Answer: (1) Birth to 2 years
Explanation: The sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) is
pre-linguistic; language emerges later.
10.
Who developed the concept of mental age?
(1) Binet
(2) Piaget
(3) Guilford
(4) Thurstone
Answer: (1) Binet
Explanation: Alfred Binet introduced mental age as a measure of a
child’s cognitive level.
11.
According to Hurlock, the progressive sequence of changes occurring in an
orderly, predictable pattern as a result of maturity and experience is called:
(1) Growth
(2) Development
(3) Both
(4) None of the above
Answer: (2) Development
Explanation: Hurlock defines development as orderly, predictable changes
due to maturation and experience.
12.
Such a continuous change that occurs in a pattern is called:
(1) Growth
(2) Maturity
(3) Development
(4) All of the
above
Answer: (3) Development
Explanation: Continuous, patterned change best describes development;
growth and maturity are components.
13.
According to Hurlock, the progressive sequence of changes that occur in an
orderly, predictable pattern as a result of maturation and experience is
called:
(1) Growth
(2) Development
(3) Both (1) and (2)
(4) None of the above
Answer: (2) Development
Explanation: (Same as Q11) Hurlock specifically uses “development” for
this definition.
14.
The "Trust vs. Mistrust" stage of psychosocial development represents
which age period?
(1) Birth to 1½ years
(2) 1½ years to 3
years
(3) 3 years to 6
years
(4) 6 years to 12 years
Answer: (1) Birth to 1½ years
Explanation: Erikson’s first stage occurs during infancy,
from birth to approximately 18 months.
15.
What is the common misdiagnosis of gifted children?
(1) Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
(2)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
(3) Mood disorder
(4) All of the above
Answer: (4) All of the above
Explanation: Gifted children’s intensity and boredom are often
misdiagnosed as ADHD, OCD, or mood disorders.
16.
Which of the following is NOT included in the orthopedically handicapped
category?
(1) Cerebral palsy
(2) Blindness
(3) Brain injury
(4) Polio
Answer: (2) Blindness
Explanation: Blindness is a visual impairment, not an
orthopedic/physical disability.
17.
The objective of the Janshala program is to emphasize education of which
children and girls?
(1) Marginalized groups
(2) SC/ST
(3) Working
children
(4) All of the
above
Answer: (4) All of the above
Explanation: Janshala focuses on universal elementary education for
marginalized, SC/ST, and working children, especially girls.
18.
Exceptional children need educational remediation:
(1) Individual attention
(2) Individual
care
(3) Both (1) and
(2)
(4) None of the
above
Answer: (3) Both (1) and (2)
Explanation: Exceptional children require individualized attention and
care for effective remediation.
19.
Who is the author of the book named "Mind in Society"?
(1) Bruner
(2) Guilford
(3) Vygotsky
(4) Piaget
Answer: (3) Vygotsky
Explanation: Lev Vygotsky authored "Mind in Society," a
foundational text in sociocultural theory.
20.
Who is called the father of differential psychology?
(1) Galton
(2) Binet
(3) Simon
(4) Piaget
Answer: (1) Galton
Explanation: Francis Galton pioneered the study of individual
differences, earning the title "father of differential psychology."
21.
According to whom is language the most important psychological tool?
(1) Kohlberg
(2) Vygotsky
(3) Piaget
(4) None of the above
Answer: (2) Vygotsky
Explanation: Vygotsky emphasized language as the primary psychological
tool mediating thought and social interaction.
22.
According to Vygotsky, which type of speech is used for intentional action?
(1) Social
(2) Egocentric
(3) Inner
(4) All of the above
Answer: (3) Inner
Explanation: Inner speech is internalized language used for
self-regulation and intentional action.
23.
Which of the following schools support progressive education?
(1) Public schools
(2) Ordinary
schools
(3) Factory
schools
(4) Lab schools
Answer: (4) Lab schools
Explanation: Laboratory schools, like Dewey’s, were designed to
implement progressive education principles.
24.
Who supported child-centered education?
(1) Erik Erikson
(2) Charles Darwin
(3) B.F. Skinner
(4) John Dewey
Answer: (4) John Dewey
Explanation: John Dewey was a leading proponent of child-centered,
experiential education.
25.
Who gave the concept of I.Q.?
(1) Erikson
(2) William Stern
(3) Skinner
(4) Freud
Answer: (2) William Stern
Explanation: William Stern coined the term "Intelligence
Quotient" (IQ) as mental age/chronological age × 100.
26.
Which of the following is NOT a group intelligence test?
(1) Army Alpha Test
(2) Army Beta Test
(3) Minnesota
Pre-School Scale
(4) Kuhlmann-Anderson Test
Answer: (3) Minnesota
Pre-School Scale
Explanation: The Minnesota Pre-School Scale is an individual
intelligence test, not a group test.
27.
The formula for IQ is:
(1) Chronological age / Mental age × 100
(2) Mental age ×
Chronological age / 100
(3) Chronological
age × 100 / Mental age
(4) Mental age /
Chronological age × 100
Answer: (4) Mental age /
Chronological age × 100
Explanation: The standard IQ formula is (Mental Age ÷ Chronological Age)
× 100.
28.
According to Gardner, who demonstrates spatial intelligence?
(1) Painter
(2) Singer
(3) Poet
(4) Philosopher
Answer: (1) Painter
Explanation: Spatial intelligence involves visual-spatial reasoning,
essential for painters and architects.
29.
According to Piaget's theory of human cognitive development, how many stages of
intellectual development in children have been identified?
(1) 8
(2) 6
(3) 3
(4) 4
Answer: (4) 4
Explanation: Piaget proposed four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational,
concrete operational, and formal operational.
30.
Which is the first organized early childhood education method?
(1) Montessori
(2) Kindergarten
(3) Both (1) and (2)
(4) None of the above
Answer: (2) Kindergarten
Explanation: Friedrich Froebel’s Kindergarten (1837) is recognized as
the first organized early childhood education method.
2024
PSTET CDP paper.
1.
Gifted Students are ;
(1) Introvert in nature
(2) Independent in their judgement
(3) Non-assertive of their needs
(4) Compliant
Answer: (2) Independent in
their judgement
Explanation: Gifted students typically display independent thinking and
confidence in their own judgments, rather than being compliant or introverted
by nature.
2.
In the classroom teaching children feel more motivated when :
(1) They are given complex problems
(2) They feel
Connected to their real world
(3) They are not
questioned
(4) They are given easy problems
Answer: (2) They feel
connected to their real world
Explanation: Connecting learning to real-life situations increases
relevance and intrinsic motivation, making children more engaged.
3.
Out-of-the-box thinking is largely related to:
(1) Divergent thinking
(2) Memory-based
thinking
(3) Convergent
thinking
(4) Consistent thinking
Answer: (1) Divergent
thinking
Explanation: Divergent thinking generates multiple unique solutions,
which is the essence of creative, out‑of‑the‑box thinking.
4.
Assertion (A): Socialization is essential for a child.
Reason (R): Socialization is a lifelong process of transmitting and
disseminating norms, customs and ideologies of the society.
(1) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(2) A is true but R is false
(3) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(4) Both A and R are false
Answer: (3) Both A and R are
true and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Socialization is essential precisely because it transmits
societal norms and customs, making R the direct reason for A.
5.
‘Inclusion of all children in education’ as envisaged by RTE Act, 2009 is based
on:
(1) A sympathetic attitude towards disadvantaged children
(2) A right-based humanistic perspective
(3) To increase the school enrolment
(4) Mainstreaming disabled children through skill-based education
Answer: (2) A right-based
humanistic perspective
Explanation: RTE 2009 treats education as a fundamental right,
emphasizing inclusion from a rights‑based, humanistic viewpoint.
6. A
teacher should design his/her pedagogy according to :
(1) Own convenience
(2) General to
specific
(3) Socio-cultural
context of the learners
(4) As per the
examination dates
Answer: (3) Socio-cultural
context of the learners
Explanation: Effective pedagogy is culturally responsive and tailored to
the learners’ background, not the teacher’s convenience or exam schedules.
7.
Critical pedagogy helps students to:
(1) Engage in the teaching-learning process
(2) Challenge the
set assumptions with logic
(3) Develop
critical thinking
(4) All of the
above.
Answer: (4) All of the above
Explanation: Critical pedagogy fosters active engagement, questioning of
assumptions, and development of critical thinking skills.
8.
Find the correct match out of the types of motives with examples given below :
A. Organic Motive I. Aim of life
B. Social Motive II. Award
C. Personal Motive III. Food
D. Artificial IV. Honesty
(1) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(2) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(3) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(4) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
Answer: (2) A-III, B-I, C-IV,
D-II
Explanation: Organic motive (food), Social motive (aim of life),
Personal motive (honesty), Artificial motive (award) is the standard match in
many textbooks.
9.
“Mistake teaches individual”. This Statement is based on which theory -
(1) Pavlov's Classical Conditioning
(2) Thorndike’s
Trial and Error Theory
(3) Skinner's
Operant Conditioning
(4) Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
Answer: (2) Thorndike’s Trial
and Error Theory
Explanation: Trial‑and‑error learning involves making mistakes and
gradually finding correct responses, which is central to Thorndike’s theory.
10.
What is the word ‘nature’ in the nature-nurture controversy ?
(1) Nature of the individual
(2) The interplay
of physical and social factors
(3) The hereditary
trait
s (4) The environment around a child
Answer: (3) The hereditary
traits
Explanation: In the nature‑nurture debate, “nature” refers to genetic or
hereditary factors, while “nurture” refers to environmental influences.
11.
Piaget proposes that cognitive development universally follows four stages, in
which Stage the
development of object permanence takes place ?
(1) Pre-cognition stage (2) Sensorimotor stage (3) Concrete operational (4)
Formal operational
Answer: (2) Sensorimotor
stage
Explanation: Object permanence – knowing an object exists even when out
of sight – develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth to about 2 years).
12.
Which out of the following is the first step in the scientific method of
problem-solving ?
(1) Formulation of hypothesis
(2) Verification of the facts
(3) Awareness and understanding of the problem
(4) Collection and
compiling of information
Answer: (3) Awareness and
understanding of the problem
Explanation: The scientific method begins with identifying and clearly
understanding the problem before forming hypotheses or collecting data.
13.
A child learns most appropriately in an environment in which :
(1) There is strict discipline and order
(2) There is an
availability of all the technical gadgets
(3) The due
weightage is given to the child's emotions and experiences
(4) There are ample opportunities to play games
Answer: (3) The due weightage
is given to the child's emotions and experiences
Explanation: Meaningful learning occurs when children’s emotions and
prior experiences are valued, creating a supportive and engaging environment.
14.
A teacher can be an effective teacher in addressing diverse classrooms having
children from different social, economic, and cultural backgrounds by :
(1) Using modem technology in teaching
(2) Asking multiple questions
(3) Understanding the diverse needs and experiences of
the children
(4) Segregating the children
Answer: (3) Understanding the
diverse needs and experiences of the children
Explanation: Culturally responsive teaching starts with knowing
students’ unique backgrounds, needs, and experiences.
15.
In an advertisement, a woman is cooking food in the kitchen and the man is
watching TV. This highlights the role of ........... as an agency of
............ socialization.
(1) TV; Primary
(2) Media;
Secondary
(3) Media; Primary
(4) School;
Primary
Answer: (2) Media; Secondary
Explanation: Media (television) is an agency of secondary socialization,
shaping gender roles and stereotypes beyond the family.
16.
The Functionalist Theory of social structure is given by :
(1) Emile Durkheim
(2) Karl Marx
(3) Robert Stoile
(4) Max Weber
Answer: (1) Emile Durkheim
Explanation: Émile Durkheim is considered a founding figure of
functionalist theory, which views society as a system of interdependent parts.
17.
Development of the individual is influenced by :
(1) Environment only
(2) Heredity and environment both
(3) Hereditary
only
(4) All of the above
Answer: (2) Heredity and
environment both
Explanation: Human development is the product of continuous interaction
between genetic inheritance (heredity) and environmental factors.
18.
A baby girl is commonly seen playing with a doll or a kitchen set, while a boy
would be found playing with toy cars and toy guns. This is a prominent example
of :
(1) Primary socialization
(2) Anticipatory socialization
(3) Gender
socialisation
(4) Secondary socialization
Answer: (3) Gender
socialisation
Explanation: This illustrates how children learn socially constructed
gender roles through toys and play, a key part of gender socialization.
19.
School-based internal assessment is primarily based on the principle of :
(1) assessment should be economica (2) students should get good grades at all
costs (3) Teachers efficiently examine their students (4) Teachers know their
students’ capabilities better than the external examiners
Answer: (4) Teachers know
their students’ capabilities better than the external examiners
Explanation: Internal assessment relies on the teacher’s ongoing
observation and understanding of each student’s abilities, which external
examiners lack.
20.
According to B. F. Skinner language development of a child takes place :
(1) As an outcome of inborn capability
(2) As an outcome of training in grammar
(3) As an outcome
of imitation and reinforcement
(4) As an outcome of maturity
Answer: (3) As an outcome of
imitation and reinforcement
Explanation: Skinner’s behaviorist view holds that language is learned
through operant conditioning – imitation, reinforcement, and shaping.
21.
At the lower primary level, the play way teaching method is based on the :
(1) Theory of physical education training
(2) Principle of methods of teaching
(3) Sociological
principles of teaching
(4) Psychological principles of growth and development
Answer: (4) Psychological
principles of growth and development
Explanation: The play‑way method aligns with children’s natural
developmental stages and psychological needs for active, joyful learning.
22.
Vygotsky's theory of constructivism implies that :
(1) After initial explanations teacher should ask the child to solve the
problem
(2) Child learns with individualistic tutoring
(3) Child learns
fast in group collaboration
(4) Child learns
best through rote memorization
Answer: (3) Child learns fast
in group collaboration
Explanation: Vygotsky emphasized social interaction and collaborative
learning within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
23.
A child cannot distinguish between the words ‘bat’ and ‘tab’ and ‘nuclear’ and
‘unclear’. It means the child is suffering from :
(1) Word recognition disorder
(2) Dyscalculia
(3) Dysmorphia
(4) Dyslexia
Answer: (4) Dyslexia
Explanation: Difficulty with phonological processing, letter reversals,
and sound‑based discrimination are classic signs of dyslexia.
24.
A progressive classroom views teachers and learners as :
(1) Knowledge providers; passive recipients of knowledge
(2) Dominant
sources of knowledge; subordinate participants
(3) Facilitators in learning; participants in knowledge
construction
(4) Dictators; followers of the teachers
Answer: (3) Facilitators in
learning; participants in knowledge construction
Explanation: Progressive education sees teachers as guides and learners
as active co‑constructors of knowledge.
25.
Harish is in class 6. He shows exceptional ability in penetrating new ideas and
finding new perspectives in existing phenomena. He is :
(1) A talented learner
(2) A creative learner
(3) A gifted
learner
(4) A bright learner
Answer: (2) A creative
learner
Explanation: The ability to generate novel perspectives and original
ideas is the hallmark of creativity, distinguishing a creative learner.
26.
Which of the following is most appropriate for Human Development ?
(1) Quantitative
(2) Qualitative
(3) Unmeasurable
(4) Both (1) and (2)
Answer: (4) Both (1) and (2)
Explanation: Human development includes quantitative changes (height,
vocabulary) and qualitative changes (cognitive stages, moral reasoning).
27.
Development generally proceeds from head to foot; this principle of development
is called ............
(1) Bilateral
(2) Proximodistal
(3) Cephalocaudal
(4) General to
specific
Answer: (3) Cephalocaudal
Explanation: The cephalocaudal principle describes the pattern of
development from the head (cephalo) downward to the feet (caudal).
28.
The concept of ‘Zone of Proximal Development’ is given by :
(1) Piaget
(2) Vygotsky
(3) Kohlberg
(4) Erikson
Answer: (2) Vygotsky
Explanation: Lev Vygotsky introduced the Zone of Proximal Development
(ZPD) as the gap between what a learner can do alone and with guidance.
29.
Which of the following is a primary agency of Socialization for a child?
(1) School
(2) Market
(3) Class
(4) Family
Answer: (4) Family
Explanation: The family is the first and most influential primary
socialization agency, shaping basic values, language, and behavior.
30.
"Development is a never-ending process” this idea is associated with :
(1) Principle of interrelation
(2) Principle of
integration
(3) Principle of
interaction
(4) Principle of continuity
Answer: (4) Principle of
continuity
Explanation: The principle of continuity states that development is a
lifelong, continuous process without end.
2025
PSTET CDP paper.
1.
How can classroom interventions like peer tutoring and cooperative learning
help students?
(A) By only improving physical fitness
(B) By increasing academic skills and social support, thus promoting
self-concept
(C) By reducing the need for teachers
(D) By focusing only on individual competition
Answer: (B) By increasing
academic skills and social support, thus promoting self-concept
Explanation: Peer tutoring and cooperative learning enhance both
academic achievement and social relationships, which in turn improve students’
self‑concept.
2.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is:
(A) A physical illness
(B) A developmental disorder affecting the brain
(C) A temporary behaviour problem
(D) A learning style
Answer: (B) A developmental
disorder affecting the brain
Explanation: ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by
challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
3.
Why should teachers design diverse sensory activities that integrate visual,
auditory, tactile and other sensory experiences with scientific concepts?
(A) To reduce the need for textbooks in science education
(B) To focus only on visual learning
(C) To make science classes more competitive
(D) To help children develop a sensory‑based understanding of scientific
phenomena
Answer: (D) To help children
develop a sensory‑based understanding of scientific phenomena
Explanation: Multi‑sensory activities allow children to experience science
directly, building deeper, more concrete understanding through their senses.
4.
Which of the following best describes a delinquent child?
(A) A child who commits serious crimes punishable by law
(B) A young offender whose actions are minor and not considered serious crimes,
such as bullying, lying, or truancy
(C) A child who never breaks school rules
(D) A child who only studies and avoids social interactions
Answer: (B) A young offender
whose actions are minor and not considered serious crimes, such as bullying,
lying, or truancy
Explanation: In educational psychology, “delinquent” often refers to
juveniles who exhibit antisocial or rule‑breaking behaviors that are less
severe than major crimes.
5.
Which of the following best describes the progression of an infant's verbal
development?
(A) Infants progress from crying to cooing and babbling, with babbling
eventually reflecting sounds from the language they hear.
(B) Infants start by speaking full words, then progress to cooing and crying.
(C) Infants immediately imitate adult speech without any intermediate sounds.
(D) Babbling continues to include all human language sounds throughout infancy.
Answer: (A) Infants progress
from crying to cooing and babbling, with babbling eventually reflecting sounds
from the language they hear.
Explanation: This sequence—crying, cooing, babbling, then language‑specific
babbling—is the typical pattern of pre‑linguistic vocal development.
6.
What term best describes phonetically diversified sounds produced by
manipulating the tongue, lips, throat, and voice, often forming consonant‑vowel
combinations like “ba, ba, ba”?
(A) Cooing
(B) Echolalia
(C) Babbling
(D) Telegraphic
speech
Answer: (C) Babbling
Explanation: Babbling involves repetitive consonant‑vowel syllables (e.g., “ba‑ba‑ba”)
and is a key stage in early language development.
7.
Which defence mechanism involves redirecting emotions into healthy or
productive channels?
(A) Repression
(B) Sublimation
(C) Denial
(D) Projection
Answer: (B) Sublimation
Explanation: Sublimation is a mature defence mechanism where socially
unacceptable impulses are transformed into acceptable, creative, or useful
behaviors.
8.
What is the main focus of the Montessori Method?
(A) Rote memorization and strict discipline
(B) Child‑centered, self‑directed learning
(C) Teacher‑led lectures
(D) Only physical development
Answer: (B) Child‑centered,
self‑directed learning
Explanation: Montessori education emphasizes hands‑on, child‑guided
activities within a prepared environment, fostering independence and intrinsic
motivation.
9.
Dysgraphia is a learning disability that primarily affects:
(A) Reading comprehension
(B) Verbal
communication
(C) Mathematical calculations
(D) Writing skills, including handwriting, spelling, and
composition
Answer: (D) Writing skills,
including handwriting, spelling, and composition
Explanation: Dysgraphia specifically impairs written expression,
affecting letter formation, spacing, and organizing thoughts on paper.
10.
According to Jean Piaget, during which age period does more than half of a
child's speech tend to be egocentric?
(A) 0‑2 years
(B) 2‑3 years
(C) 3‑5 years
(D) 7‑11 years
Answer: (C) 3‑5 years
Explanation: In the preoperational stage (roughly ages 3–5), Piaget
observed high levels of egocentric speech where children talk without
considering the listener’s perspective.
11.
Which developmental period is known as the newborn stage and extends from birth
to approximately 10‑14 days?
(A) Prenatal period
(B) Neonatal
period
(C) Infancy
(D) Early
childhood
Answer: (B) Neonatal period
Explanation: The neonatal period covers the first two weeks after birth,
focusing on the newborn’s adjustment to extrauterine life.
12.
Who proposed the Theory of Moral Development consisting of three levels and six
stages?
(A) Jean Piaget
(B) Lawrence Kohlberg
(C) Lev Vygotsky
(D) Sigmund Freud
Answer: (B) Lawrence Kohlberg
Explanation: Kohlberg expanded Piaget’s work, describing moral
development across preconventional, conventional, and postconventional levels
with six stages.
13.
What did B.F. Skinner study using the Skinner box?
(A) Classical conditioning
(B) Operant conditioning
(C) Observational
learning
(D) Cognitive
development
Answer: (B) Operant
conditioning
Explanation: The Skinner box (operant chamber) allowed Skinner to study
how reinforcement and punishment shape voluntary behavior.
14.
Who first studied the connection between stimulus and response?
(A) B.F. Skinner
(B) Ivan Pavlov
(C) Sigmund Freud
(D) Jean Piaget
Answer: (B) Ivan Pavlov
Explanation: Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments with dogs
demonstrated the learned association between a neutral stimulus and a reflexive
response.
15.
The Structure of Intellect model which describes intelligence as a combination
of operations, contents and products, was proposed by:
(A) Howard Gardner
(B) Jean Piaget
(C) J.P. Guilford
(D) B.F. Skinner
Answer: (C) J.P. Guilford
Explanation: Guilford’s Structure of Intellect model organizes
intelligence into three dimensions: operations, contents, and products,
resulting in up to 150 factors.
16.
Who proposed the Factor Theory of Heredity?
(A) Gregor Mendel
(B) L.L. Thurstone
(C) Charles Darwin
(D) James Watson & Francis Crick
Answer: (A) Gregor Mendel
Explanation: Mendel’s laws of inheritance (factors/genes) laid the
foundation for understanding how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
17.
What does Gestalt refer to in psychology?
(A) A single part
(B) A whole pattern or configuration
(C) Forgetting
(D) Memorizing
Answer: (B) A whole pattern
or configuration
Explanation: Gestalt psychology emphasizes that the whole is different
from the sum of its parts; “Gestalt” means an organized, unified whole.
18.
According to Edward Thorndike’s multifactor theory, intelligence is:
(A) A single ability
(B) multitude of separate factors
(C) Only memory
(D) Same for
everyone
Answer: (B) multitude of
separate factors
Explanation: Thorndike proposed that intelligence consists of many
independent abilities (e.g., abstract, mechanical, social) rather than a single
general factor.
19.
Who defined intelligence as the global capacity to act purposefully, think
rationally, and deal effectively with the environment?
(A) B.F. Skinner
(B) Jean Wechsler
(C) Edward
Thorndike
(D) David Wechsler
Answer: (D) David Wechsler
Explanation: David Wechsler, creator of the Wechsler intelligence
scales, defined intelligence as the aggregate capacity for purposeful,
rational, and effective behavior.
20.
What is a motive?
(A) A thought or feeling that drives action
(B) A physical object
(C) A learned skill
(D) A memory
Answer: (A) A thought or
feeling that drives action
Explanation: A motive is an internal state (need, desire, emotion) that
energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.
21.
Who proposed the Hierarchy of Needs?
(A) Sigmund Freud
(B) B.F. Skinner
(C) Abraham Maslow
(D) Ivan Pavlov
Answer: (C) Abraham Maslow
Explanation: Maslow’s hierarchy arranges human needs from basic
physiological requirements to self‑actualization, motivating behavior in
sequence.
22.
Self‑actualization needs include:
(A) Food and water
(B) Safety and
security
(C) Achieving one’s potential, creativity, and curiosity
(D) Friendship and love
Answer: (C) Achieving one’s
potential, creativity, and curiosity
Explanation: At the top of Maslow’s hierarchy, self‑actualization
involves fulfilling one’s unique potential, pursuing creativity, and seeking
personal growth.
23.
How is a child's heredity determined?
(A) Only by immediate parents
(B) Mostly by
grandparents
(C) Partly by parents, grandparents, great‑grandparents
(D) Only by
environment
Answer: (C) Partly by
parents, grandparents, great‑grandparents
Explanation: Heredity is the transmission of genetic traits from
multiple generations of ancestors, not only from the immediate parents.
24.
Which of the following is characteristic of individual differences?
(A) Traits and abilities are completely independent
(B) Variations in one trait or ability can affect others
(C) Everyone has the same abilities
Answer: (B) Variations in one
trait or ability can affect others
Explanation: Individual differences are often interrelated; for example,
high verbal ability may correlate with better reading comprehension.
25.
What is behaviour?
(A) A person’s thoughts only
(B) A person’s
response to a situation
(C) A person’s
appearance
(D) A person’s
memory
Answer: (B) A person’s
response to a situation
Explanation: Behavior includes any observable action or reaction to
internal or external stimuli, not just thoughts or appearance.
26.
What does introspection mean?
(A) Looking inward and examining one’s own mind
(B) Observing
others’ behaviour
(C) Writing notes
about the environment
(D) Memorizing
facts
Answer: (A) Looking inward
and examining one’s own mind
Explanation: Introspection is a method of self‑observation, reflecting
on one’s own conscious thoughts and feelings.
27.
What does short‑term planning involve?
(A) Planning for several years ahead
(B) Planning without any objectives
(C) Planning only for a single day
(D) Making a monthly or weekly plan with daily objectives and activities
Answer: (D) Making a monthly
or weekly plan with daily objectives and activities
Explanation: Short‑term planning typically covers weeks or months,
breaking down immediate goals into daily or weekly tasks.
28.
What is attention?
(A) Forgetting things easily
(B) Focusing
consciousness on a stimulus or pattern
(C) Random
thinking
(D) Only memory of past events
Answer: (B) Focusing
consciousness on a stimulus or pattern
Explanation: Attention is the cognitive process of selectively
concentrating on specific information while ignoring other stimuli.
29.
According to NEP 2020, education should be:
(A) Only focussed on science and mathematics
(B) Experiential, holistic, learner‑centred, and include arts, sports, and
values
(C) Rote‑based and exam‑oriented
(D) Limited to classroom lectures
Answer: (B) Experiential,
holistic, learner‑centred, and include arts, sports, and values
Explanation: NEP 2020 promotes a multidisciplinary, flexible, and value‑based
education that emphasizes critical thinking and experiential learning.
30.
Who promoted education based on “learning by doing”?
(A) Jean Piaget
(B) John Dewey
(C) B.F. Skinner
(D) Abraham Maslow
Answer: (B) John Dewey
Explanation: John Dewey, a pragmatist philosopher, advocated
experiential education where students learn actively through hands‑on
activities and real‑world problem‑solving.
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